Biological Sciences - Bachelor of Science
Overview
In the Biological Sciences major, students study living organisms with emphasis placed on experiential learning through laboratories, field work, and research. The major is comprised of the Molecular/Cellular and Ecology/Diversity streams. A diversity of courses are available spanning genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, zoology, botany and ecology. Students graduate with a broad foundation of knowledge and skills, and the ability to apply, evaluate and communicate their understanding of the life sciences as scientists, educators, leaders, and engaged citizens.
Contact Information
Department of Biological Sciences
Room 6-118, City Centre Campus
10700 - 104 Avenue
Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2
T: 780-633-3399
Faculty of Arts and Science, Program Services (Advising)
Room 6-211, City Centre Campus
T: 780-497-4505
E: artsandscience@macewan.ca
Bachelor of Science
Faculty of Arts and Science
MacEwan.ca/Science
The Bachelor of Science (BSc) is a foundational general degree that provides broad and widely applicable knowledge and abilities, rather than a niche specialization. This broad base equips graduates with generalist knowledge and skills that give the flexibility and agility so highly valued in a dynamic world economy. It also gives students a solid foundation from which to specialize in future employment or further schooling.
The degree provides breadth of study across a variety of Arts and Science disciplines, and sets the foundation for later years. The major and minor areas of study allow students to focus and gain in-depth expertise in complementary or entirely disparate disciplines; there is a wide array of possible combinations. Finally, options allow students to explore courses outside their disciplines, or even within their program, and so enhance their diversity of learning. The small classes, close interaction between instructors and students, opportunities for individual study, and faculty with a strong focus on teaching are signature strengths of this program.
General Program Information
The BSc requires students to complete 120 credits of non-duplicative coursework. The BSc emphasizes both breadth and depth and has been designed for exceptional flexibility and customization. Students can complete a major and a minor, a double major, or a major and two minors.
Science Disciplines
| Discipline | Major | Minor | Honours |
|---|---|---|---|
| Applied Statistics | ⦿ | - | - |
| Biological Sciences | ⦿ | ⦿ | ⦿ |
| Chemistry | ⦿ | ⦿ | - |
| Computer Science | ⦿ | ⦿ | - |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | - | ⦿ | - |
| Mathematics | ⦿ | ⦿ | ⦿ |
| Mathematical Sciences | ⦿ | - | - |
| Planetary Physics | - | ⦿ | - |
| Physical Sciences | ⦿ | - | - |
| Physics | - | ⦿ | - |
| Psychology | ⦿ | ⦿ | ⦿ |
| Statistics | - | ⦿ | - |
Arts Minors
| Discipline | Minor |
|---|---|
| Anthropology | ⦿ |
| Classics | ⦿ |
| Creative Writing | ⦿ |
| Economics | ⦿ |
| English | ⦿ |
| French | ⦿ |
| Gender Studies | ⦿ |
| History | ⦿ |
| Philosophy | ⦿ |
| Political Science | ⦿ |
| Sociology | ⦿ |
| Spanish | ⦿ |
Out of Faculty Minors
| Discipline | Minor |
|---|---|
| Accounting Minor for Arts and Science | ⦿ |
| Arts and Cultural Management | ⦿ |
| Business Law | ⦿ |
| Business Studies | ⦿ |
| Digital Experience Design | ⦿ |
| Finance Minor for Arts and Science | ⦿ |
| Human Resources Minor for Arts and Science | ⦿ |
| Marketing Minor for Arts and Science | ⦿ |
Preparing for Professional Studies
Students intending to enter professional programs at other universities can take their pre-professional programs in the Faculty of Arts and Science at MacEwan University. The university offers the first and second year of a number of pre-professional programs, including chiropractic medicine, dental hygiene, dentistry, medical laboratory science, medicine, optometry, pharmacy and veterinary medicine. All courses taken in these pre-professional programs are credit courses and, as such, they may be applied to any of the degrees offered by MacEwan University.
Students are advised to consult the admissions requirements for the universities and programs of their choice, and to select their MacEwan University courses accordingly. Completion of pre-professional courses at MacEwan University does not guarantee admission to the subsequent professional program. Each professional program requires a separate application and entry is competitive, not automatic.
Degree Requirements
Breadth Requirements
All Bachelor of Science degrees require Breadth Requirements. Courses can satisfy both the breadth requirements and requirements for the major(s), minor(s), Honours, or options. BIOL, CHEM, EASC, or PHYS courses must include a laboratory component.
| Breadth Element | Description | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Biological or Earth and Planetary Sciences | BIOL or EASC (not including BIOL 101, BIOL 102, or BIOL 103) | 6 |
| Chemistry or Physics | CHEM or PHYS | 6 |
| English | ENGL 102 and 3 credits in university English (not including ENGL 111, ENGL 108, or ENGL 211) | 6 |
| Humanities | CLAS, COMP, HIST, HUMN, PHIL or a language other than English | 6 |
| Mathematical Sciences | One of MATH 114, MATH 120, or MATH 125, and 3 credits in MATH, STAT, or CMPT (not including MATH 160, MATH 170, or CMPT 104) | 6 |
| Social Sciences | ANTH, ECON, LING, POLS, PSYC, or SOCI | 6 |
Bachelor of Science Degree
| Program Element | Description | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Major | The Science major will range from 42 to 60 credits with a minimum 36 credits taken at the senior-level.1 | 42-60 |
| Secondary Major or Minor(s) | Students have the option of completing a second Science major, or one or two minors. Minor courses must be completed at the senior-level.1 | 18-60 |
| Options | Students can complete up to 15 credits in out-of-faculty options, with no more than 3 credits in physical activity (PACT) courses | Up to 60 |
| Total Degree Credits Including Breadth | 120 |
| 1 | Multi-disciplinary majors consist of 60-72 junior- and senior-level credits. Students majoring in mathematical or physical sciences may pursue a minor but are not required to do so. |
Biological Sciences Requirements
Biological Sciences Major
The Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Biological Sciences program requires students to complete 120 credits of non-duplicative coursework. In addition to the Biological Sciences Major, students will complete one of the following:
- one minor,
- two minors, or
- a secondary Science major
Students are required to complete option courses as well as the major(s) and minor(s). All BSc degrees require Breadth Requirements. Courses can satisfy both the breadth requirements and requirements for the major(s), minor(s), or options.
The Biological Sciences major is 42 to 60 credits with a minimum of 36 senior-level credits. Students must complete a minimum of 18 biological sciences credits at the 300- or 400-level with a minimum of six credits at the 400-level.
Students major in Biological Sciences have the option of completing the General Biological Sciences Major, the Molecular/Cellular Stream, or the Ecology and Diversity Stream.
The Biology major is a competitive major. Students must complete BIOL 107 and BIOL 108 with no grade lower than C-. Students must also have completed a minimum of one of BIOL 207 or BIOL 208 with no grade lower than C-, and be registered in the remaining course during the winter term when declarations close. A number of seats may be available to students who complete one of BIOL 207 or BIOL 208 and another 200-level biological science (BIOL, BICM, BOTN, or ZOOL) with minimum grades of C-. Students will submit their declaration by January 15. Students who apply will be ranked by their admissions GPA, which is calculated using their most recent 24 credits of university-level coursework, without breaking up a term. Applicants with the highest GPA will be admitted to the program first until no seats remain. Students will be notified of the success or denial of their application to the Biological Sciences major no later than February 1.
Note: Students majoring in Biological Sciences are required to complete CHEM 101, CHEM 102, and STAT 151. These courses can be used to fulfil the Breadth Requirements.
Bachelor of Science - Biological Sciences Major
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Specific Major Requirements | ||
| BIOL 107 | Introduction to Cell Biology | 3 |
| BIOL 108 | Introduction to Evolution | 3 |
| BIOL 207 | Principles of Genetics | 3 |
| BIOL 208 | Principles of Ecology | 3 |
| General Biological Sciences Major Requirements | ||
| Choose 30 to 48 credits from the following | 30-48 | |
Junior- or senior-level biological sciences - BICM, BIOL, BOTN, GENE, or ZOOL | ||
| Scientific Process: From Research Questions to Printed Manuscript | ||
| Secondary Major or Minor(s) | ||
| Students have the option of completing a second Science major, or one or two minors. Minor courses must be completed at the senior-level. | 18-60 | |
| Options | ||
| Students can complete up to 15 credits in out-of-faculty options, with no more than 3 credits in physical activity (PACT) courses. | 18-60 | |
| Total Credits | 120 | |
Bachelor of Science - Biological Sciences Major, Molecular/Cellular Stream
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Specific Major Requirements | ||
| BIOL 107 | Introduction to Cell Biology | 3 |
| BIOL 108 | Introduction to Evolution | 3 |
| BIOL 207 | Principles of Genetics | 3 |
| BIOL 208 | Principles of Ecology | 3 |
| Molecular/Cellular Stream Requirements | ||
| Choose 30 credits from the following: | 30 | |
| Introductory Biochemistry | ||
| Intermediary Metabolism | ||
| Structure and Function of Biomolecules | ||
| Nucleic Acid Biochemistry | ||
| Eukaryotic Cellular Biology I | ||
| Principles of Molecular Biology | ||
| Introduction to Microbiology | ||
| Eukaryotic Cellular Biology II | ||
| Animal Developmental Biology | ||
| History of Biology | ||
| Biotechnology and Society | ||
| Mechanisms of Evolution | ||
| Introduction to Population Genetics | ||
| Biostatistics and Research Design | ||
| Current Topics in Animal Developmental Biology | ||
| Techniques in Molecular and Cellular Biology | ||
| Pathobiology: The Cellular Basis of Disease | ||
| Field Placement | ||
| Special Topics | ||
| Advanced Independent Study | ||
| Genetic Analysis of Bacteria | ||
| Genetic Analysis of Eukaryotes | ||
| Genome Organization | ||
| Investigations into Gene Regulation | ||
| Human Genetics | ||
| Animal Physiology I: Homeostasis | ||
| Animal Physiology II: Intercellular Communication | ||
| Choose up to 18 credits from the following: | 0-18 | |
Junior- and senior-level biological sciences – BICM, BIOL, BOTN, GENE, ZOOL | ||
| Scientific Process: From Research Questions to Printed Manuscript | ||
| Secondary Major or Minor(s) | ||
| Students have the option of completing a second Science major, or one or two minors. Minor courses must be completed at the senior-level. | 18-60 | |
| Options | ||
| Students can complete up to 15 credits in out-of-faculty options, with no more than 3 credits in physical activity (PACT) courses. | 0-60 | |
| Total Credits | 120 | |
Bachelor of Science - Biological Sciences Major, Ecology and Diversity Stream Requirements
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Specific Major Requirements | ||
| BIOL 107 | Introduction to Cell Biology | 3 |
| BIOL 108 | Introduction to Evolution | 3 |
| BIOL 207 | Principles of Genetics | 3 |
| BIOL 208 | Principles of Ecology | 3 |
| Ecology and Diversity Requirements | ||
| Choose 30 credits from the following: | 30 | |
| Freshwater Ecology | ||
| Terrestrial Ecology | ||
| Population Ecology | ||
| History of Biology | ||
| Community Ecology | ||
| Mechanisms of Evolution | ||
| Introduction to Population Genetics | ||
| Biostatistics and Research Design | ||
| Marine Biology | ||
| Tropical Rainforest Ecology | ||
| Conservation Biology | ||
| Animal Behaviour | ||
| Techniques in Field Ecology | ||
| Invasion Ecology and Management | ||
| Methods in Experimental Ecology | ||
| Advanced Conservation Biology | ||
| Contemporary Issues in Freshwater Ecology | ||
| Field Placement | ||
| Special Topics | ||
| Advanced Independent Study | ||
| Fundamentals of Plant Biology | ||
| Plant Behaviour and its Applications | ||
| Vertebrate Adaptations and Evolution | ||
| Animal Physiology I: Homeostasis | ||
| Animal Physiology II: Intercellular Communication | ||
| Invertebrate Zoology | ||
| Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates | ||
| Aquatic Vertebrates | ||
| Terrestrial Vertebrates | ||
| Entomology | ||
| Principles of Parasitism | ||
| Choose up to 18 credits from the following: | 0-18 | |
Junior- and senior-level biological sciences – BICM, BIOL, BOTN, GENE, and ZOOL | ||
| Scientific Process: From Research Questions to Printed Manuscript | ||
| Secondary Major or Minor(s) | ||
| Students have the option of completing a second Science major, or one or two minors. Minor courses must be completed at the senior-level. | 18-60 | |
| Options | ||
| Students can complete up to 15 credits in out-of-faculty options, with no more than 3 credits in physical activity (PACT) courses. | 0-60 | |
| Total Credits | 120 | |
Biological Sciences Honours
The Bachelor of Science (BSc) Biological Sciences Honours degree program requires students to complete 120 credits of non-duplicative coursework. The Biological Sciences Honours program is comprised of 63 to 84 credits. Students choose the Molecular Cellular Honours Stream or the Ecology and Diversity Honours Stream.
Students have the option of completing a minor within the requirements of the Biological Sciences Honours program. Minors are comprised of 18 senior-level credits.
For admittance/acceptance into Biological Sciences Honours, students must present the following:
- Completion of a minimum of 45 university-level credits applicable to the program of study, with a GPA of 3.0 or higher
- 24 of the 45 credits must have been completed in the last 12 months
- A minimum of six biological sciences credits completed at the senior-level
- A minimum GPA of 3.3 across all junior- and senior-level biological sciences courses (BICM, BIOL, BOTN, GENE, or ZOOL)
Students accepted and enrolled in the Biological Sciences Honours program must maintain a minimum overall GPA of 3.0. As well, students must maintain a minimum GPA of 3.3 across all junior- and senior-level biological sciences courses for each 12 consecutive months following acceptance into the Honours program. Failure to maintain a 3.3 Honours GPA will result in the student's program status reverting to a BSc Biolgocial Sciences Major.
All BSc degrees require Breadth Requirements. Courses can satisfy both the breadth requirements and requirements for Honours, minor(s), or options.
Note: Biological Sciences Honours are required to complete BIOL 207, BIOL 208, CHEM 101, CHEM 102, and STAT 151 prior to applying for the Honours program. A minimum grade of B- in BIOL 399 is required to progress in the Honours program.
Bachelor of Science - Biological Sciences Molecular/Cellular Honours Stream
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Specific Honours Requirements | ||
| BIOL 107 | Introduction to Cell Biology | 3 |
| BIOL 108 | Introduction to Evolution | 3 |
| BIOL 207 | Principles of Genetics | 3 |
| BIOL 208 | Principles of Ecology | 3 |
| CHEM 261 | Organic Chemistry I | 3 |
| BICM 200 | Introductory Biochemistry | 3 |
| BIOL 321 | Mechanisms of Evolution | 3 |
| BIOL 337 | Biostatistics and Research Design | 3 |
| BIOL 399 | Honours Proposal | 3 |
| BIOL 499A | Honours Thesis I | 3 |
| BIOL 499B | Honours Thesis II | 3 |
| Molecular/Cellular Honours Stream Requirements | ||
| Choose 30 credits from the following with a minimum of 6 credits at the 400-level: | 30 | |
| Intermediary Metabolism | ||
| Structure and Function of Biomolecules | ||
| Nucleic Acid Biochemistry | ||
| Eukaryotic Cellular Biology I | ||
| Principles of Molecular Biology | ||
| Introduction to Microbiology | ||
| Eukaryotic Cellular Biology II | ||
| Animal Developmental Biology | ||
| History of Biology | ||
| Biotechnology and Society | ||
| Introduction to Population Genetics | ||
| Current Topics in Animal Developmental Biology | ||
| Techniques in Molecular and Cellular Biology | ||
| Pathobiology: The Cellular Basis of Disease | ||
| Field Placement | ||
| Special Topics | ||
| Genetic Analysis of Bacteria | ||
| Genetic Analysis of Eukaryotes | ||
| Genome Organization | ||
| Investigations into Gene Regulation | ||
| Human Genetics | ||
| Animal Physiology I: Homeostasis | ||
| Animal Physiology II: Intercellular Communication | ||
| Choose up to 21 credits from the following: | 0-21 | |
| Junior- or senior-level biological sciences - BICM, BIOL, BOTN, GENE, or ZOOL | ||
| SCIE 201 | Scientific Process: From Research Questions to Printed Manuscript | 3 |
| Option Courses and/or Minor | ||
| Students can complete up to 15 credits in out-of-faculty options, with no more than 3 credits in physical activity (PACT) courses. | 36-57 | |
| Total Credits | 120 | |
Bachelor of Science - Biological Sciences Ecology and Diversity Honours Stream
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Specific Honours Requirements | ||
| BIOL 107 | Introduction to Cell Biology | 3 |
| BIOL 108 | Introduction to Evolution | 3 |
| BIOL 207 | Principles of Genetics | 3 |
| BIOL 208 | Principles of Ecology | 3 |
| CHEM 261 | Organic Chemistry I | 3 |
| BICM 200 | Introductory Biochemistry | 3 |
| BIOL 321 | Mechanisms of Evolution | 3 |
| BIOL 337 | Biostatistics and Research Design | 3 |
| BIOL 399 | Honours Proposal | 3 |
| BIOL 499A | Honours Thesis I | 3 |
| BIOL 499B | Honours Thesis II | 3 |
| Ecology and Diversity Honours Stream Requirements | ||
| Choose 30 credits from the following with a minimum of 6 credits at the 400-level: | 30 | |
| Freshwater Ecology | ||
| Terrestrial Ecology | ||
| Population Ecology | ||
| History of Biology | ||
| Community Ecology | ||
| Introduction to Population Genetics | ||
| Marine Biology | ||
| Tropical Rainforest Ecology | ||
| Conservation Biology | ||
| Animal Behaviour | ||
| Techniques in Field Ecology | ||
| Invasion Ecology and Management | ||
| Methods in Experimental Ecology | ||
| Advanced Conservation Biology | ||
| Contemporary Issues in Freshwater Ecology | ||
| Field Placement | ||
| Special Topics | ||
| Fundamentals of Plant Biology | ||
| Plant Behaviour and its Applications | ||
| Vertebrate Adaptations and Evolution | ||
| Animal Physiology I: Homeostasis | ||
| Animal Physiology II: Intercellular Communication | ||
| Invertebrate Zoology | ||
| Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates | ||
| Entomology | ||
| Aquatic Vertebrates | ||
| Terrestrial Vertebrates | ||
| Principles of Parasitism | ||
| Choose up to 21 credits from the following: | 0-21 | |
Junior- and senior-level biological sciences – BICM, BIOL, BOTN, GENE, and ZOOL | ||
| Scientific Process: From Research Questions to Printed Manuscript | ||
| Option Courses and/or a Minor | ||
| Students can complete up to 15 credits in out-of-faculty options, with no more than 3 credits in physical activity (PACT) courses. | 36-57 | |
| Total Credits | 120 | |
Biological Sciences Minor
The Biological Sciences Minor requires 18 senior-level biological sciences credits (BICM, BIOL, BOTN, GENE, or ZOOL) with a minimum of six credits at the 300- or 400-level.
Note: Junior-level BIOL 107 and BIOL 108 are required. Both BIOL 207 and BIOL 208 may be taken for credit.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Specific Minor Requirements | ||
| Choose 3 credits from the following: | 3 | |
| Principles of Genetics | ||
| Principles of Ecology | ||
| General Minor Requirements | ||
| Choose 15 credits from senior-level biological sciences - BICM, BIOL, BOTN, GENE, and ZOOL | 15 | |
| Total Credits | 18 | |
Degree Regulations
Students are strongly encouraged to seek advice from the faculty advisors about program planning.
Academic Residency - Credit Requirements
In addition to the academic residency requirements of the University, Bachelor of Science students must complete at MacEwan University:
- A minimum of 24 credits at the senior-level in the major discipline, with 12 of those senior credits completed at the 300- or 400-level. All 400-level requirements are to be completed at MacEwan University.
- If applicable, a minimum of nine credits in a minor at the senior-level, with at least three of those credits completed at the 300- or 400-level.
Breadth Requirements
Courses taken to fulfil the major, minor, or option requirements can also be used to satisfy breadth requirements.
Declaration of a Major and Minor
Students are advised to declare a primary major and minor, or primary major and a secondary major, or a major and two minors by the time they have completed 45 credits. Majors are selected from Science disciplines and consist of 42 to 60 junior- and senior-level credits. Multi-disciplinary majors consist of 60-72 junior- and senior-level credits. With the exception of those students in an Honours program, a maximum of 60 credits may be completed from any one discipline for credit towards the degree. A major and minor cannot be in the same discipline and students may not declare more than one out-of-faculty minor. Students can re-declare their major(s) and/or minor(s) if required.
For students completing multiple majors or minors, the Faculty cannot guarantee a schedule of classes that will permit students to complete their degree in eight consecutive fall and winter semesters. Furthermore, depending on the courses in which a student enrols, meeting the requirements of a double major may require the completion of more than 120 credits for graduation. Students are strongly encouraged to consult with a program advisor in the Program Services Office in the Faculty of Arts and Science and a discipline advisor in their major and minor prior to this declaration. Students majoring in mathematical or physical sciences may pursue a minor but are not required to do so.
Graduation Grade Point Average
As part of the Graduation Grade Point Average regulation above, Bachelor of Science students must obtain an overall GGPA of 2.0 or higher, with a minimum GPA of 2.0 on all courses credited toward the major(s) and a minimum GPA of 2.0 on all courses credited toward the minor(s).
Graduation Requirements
Graduation requirements are governed by the date on which a student declares their major(s) and minor(s). Students who declare their major(s) and minor(s) up to and including February 15 are bound by the requirements of the current academic year. Those students who declare after this date are bound by the programs of study and degree requirements of the upcoming academic year as published in the MacEwan Academic Calendar.
Junior - and Senior-Level Courses
Courses numbered from 100 to 199 are considered junior-level and courses numbered from 200 to 499 are considered senior-level.
Major or Minor 300- and 400- Level Requirements
The 300- and 400-level requirements in the major or minor cannot consist solely of project, field placement, and/or individual study courses.
Maximum Independent Courses
The maximum number of credits for independent work (project, field placement, and/or individual study courses) excluding the Honours Thesis, is 15 credits. Specific disciplines may have further restrictions.
Maximum Junior-Level Courses
A maximum of 48 credits at the 100-level are permitted in completion of the B.Sc. degree. Additional courses at the 100-level are extra to the 120 credits required to complete the B.Sc. degree and will not be counted toward fulfilment of graduation requirements.
Minimum Science Courses
Students are required to complete successfully a minimum of 72 total credits from Science courses.
Minimum Passing Grade
A minimum grade of D is required for all Science degree courses unless otherwise noted next to the appropriate course in the program of study.
Minimum Transfer Grade for Credit
A minimum grade of D is required on any transfer credit granted for the program. Arts and Science courses require a minimum grade of C- when the course is used as a prerequisite. Transfer credit decisions made by the university are final and cannot be appealed.
Out-of-Faculty Options Requirements
Degree options may include a maximum of 15 credits from courses offered by a Faculty or School other than Arts and Science except for those students completing an out-of-faculty minor or those who have met the minor requirements with a diploma. These students must complete their degree options from courses offered within the Faculty of Arts and Science.
Progression of Studies
Students are responsible for ensuring they meet the prerequisite and/or co-requisite requirements as noted on all courses that may fulfill Bachelor of Science program requirements.
Honours Regulations
Overall Requirements
The Honours program of study consists of 63 to 84 credits as determined by the discipline. Students in the Honours program may choose to complete a minor outside of the Honours discipline. Some disciplines may require a minor.
Course Load
Students accepted into an Honours program must complete 24-credits in each twelve consecutive months they are in the program. Exceptions to this rule may occur with the approval of the Honours discipline advisor.
Grade Point Average
Students accepted and enrolled in the Science Honours program must maintain a minimum overall GPA of 3.0. As well, students must maintain a minimum GPA of 3.3 across a set of courses designated by each discipline for each twelve consecutive months following acceptance into the Honours program. Failure to do so will result in the student’s program status reverting to BSc with a major in the previous Honours discipline.
Graduation Grade Point Average
In order to graduate, students must obtain an overall GGPA of 3.0 or higher, with a minimum GPA of 3.3 on all courses credited toward the Honours program of study.
Additional Degree Regulations - Subsequent Baccalaureate
In addition to meeting the degree regulations listed above, students who already hold a baccalaureate degree must satisfy the provisions of policies pertaining to subsequent baccalaureate credentials.
Biological Sciences Courses
Biochemistry
BICM 200
Introductory Biochemistry
3 Credits
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of life. This course introduces students to the complexities of the cellular environment and its impact on the chemical reactions that occur in the cell. Structural and functional aspects of proteins and nucleic acids are examined. The course also introduces intermediary metabolism, focusing on carbohydrate metabolism. Emphasis is on the free energy changes that govern metabolic pathways, and their regulation and integration.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 107 and CHEM 261.
BICM 310
Intermediary Metabolism
3 Credits
This course explores the principles of intermediary metabolism, the chemical reactions by which organisms store and generate energy required for life. Topics include bioenergetics, as well as molecular mechanisms of regulation and integration of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Selected examples are used to illustrate how imbalances in metabolic pathways can lead to disease.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BICM 200, CHEM 102, and CHEM 263.
BICM 320
Structure and Function of Biomolecules
3 Credits
This course explores the relationship between structure and function including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis are analyzed with an emphasis on kinetics and regulatory mechanisms. The rich structural and functional variety of carbohydrates and lipids is presented, with reference to glycobiology, biological membranes and mechanisms of transport. Students are introduced to experimental methods used to study proteins, carbohydrates and lipids.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BICM 200, CHEM 102, and CHEM 263.
BICM 330
Nucleic Acid Biochemistry
3 Credits
This course examines the structure, function and metabolism of nucleic acids. Diseases that result from defects in nucleic acid biochemistry are explored. We discuss the chemical logic and molecular mechanisms of DNA and RNA metabolism with particular attention to replication, DNA repair, recombination, transcription, reverse transcription and translation. The diverse roles of RNA are explored, including catalysis, regulation and molecular recognition. A variety of applications of DNA- and RNA-based technologies are discussed.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BICM 200, CHEM 102, and BIOL 205.
Biology
BIOL 101
Current Issues in Human Biology
3 Credits
This course explores “hot topics” in biology. Topics may include genetics, biotechnology, human diseases, immunology, and vaccines. Students evaluate valid and non-valid sources of information and build the skills to apply this knowledge in everyday life. Note: This course cannot be taken for credit if credit has already been obtained in BIOL 207 or BIOL 208.
BIOL 102
Nutrition and the Body
3 Credits
Misinformation about diet is ubiquitous in popular culture. This course teaches the skills to evaluate valid and non-valid sources of nutritional information. The course explores food selection, metabolism, nutrients, and impacts of diet on health. Note: This course cannot be taken for credit if credit has already been obtained in BIOL 207 or BIOL 208.
BIOL 103
Humans and Their Environment
3 Credits
This course provides an overview of global and local environmental issues that have accompanied human population growth. The course will explore examples of where critical actions are required to resolve environmental issues. Case studies compare environmental issues across countries. Note: This course cannot be taken for credit if credit has already been obtained in BIOL 207 or BIOL 208.
BIOL 107
Introduction to Cell Biology
3 Credits
The smallest unit of life is the cell. This course provides an introduction to the biology of the cell. Major topics include the chemical composition of cells, characterization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells at both a structural and functional level, and energy transfer within the cell. The evidence leading to the elucidation of DNA as the genetic material is examined as are the processes which govern the flow of genetic information in the cell.
Prerequisites: Biology 30 and Chemistry 30.
BIOL 108
Introduction to Evolution
3 Credits
From the origin of life on earth through the evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, this course examines biological diversity. Using a phylogenetic approach to classification, the major taxonomic groups of organisms are introduced. Features that adapt these organisms to their environment are highlighted. Darwinian evolution and associated mechanisms are emphasized throughout.
Prerequisites: Biology 30.
BIOL 201
Eukaryotic Cellular Biology I
3 Credits
This course studies eukaryotic cellular processes including protein targeting and transport, secretion and endocytosis, and cellular signaling pathways. Common experimental techniques used to study cellular processes are discussed. Students dissect aspects of cellular function by interpreting examples of data from primary literature.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 107 and in any 100-level CHEM.
BIOL 205
Principles of Molecular Biology
3 Credits
This course develops an understanding of molecular mechanisms for the propagation and expression of the genome in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The application of modern molecular biological techniques to the study of gene structure, function and regulation is emphasized. Basic techniques in molecular biology, data collection, and data analysis are fundamental to the laboratory component.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 107.
BIOL 207
Principles of Genetics
3 Credits
This course introduces principles of inheritance and explores the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Topics include the structure and replication of DNA, mutation, simple inheritance, genetic linkage, and gene interactions. Key historical experiments and the scientists responsible for them are discussed. The laboratory provides opportunity to investigate genetic principles using a variety of model organisms.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 107.
BIOL 208
Principles of Ecology
3 Credits
Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. These include interactions at the individual, population, community, and ecosystem levels. Topics presented include abiotic and biotic factors that form an organism's environment, models of population growth and factors controlling growth, competition and predator-prey interactions in communities, and energy flow and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Laboratories emphasize collection, analysis, interpretation, and communication of ecological data.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 108.
BIOL 211
Introduction to Microbiology
3 Credits
This course introduces the cell structure, physiology, and metabolism of microorganisms. Students investigate how microbes interact with their environment and with humans through examples of economically- and medically-important microbes. The ability to communicate this information to a non-scientific audience is developed through written work. Laboratory projects develop competency in key techniques common to microbiological research and diagnostic labs.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 207 and in any 100-level CHEM course.
BIOL 300
Eukaryotic Cellular Biology II
3 Credits
Students apply cell biology techniques to analyze eukaryotic cell function. A theoretical understanding of these techniques is used to discuss topics including cellular differentiation, the cytoskeleton, cell cycle regulation, tissue formation, and cancer mechanisms. Practical competency in techniques is developed in relevant laboratory projects. Students evaluate their own experimental results as well as data within primary literature and communicate their findings in both written and oral form.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 201 and in BIOL 205.
BIOL 310
Freshwater Ecology
3 Credits
This course explores a range of freshwater ecosystems including lakes, rivers, groundwater, and a spectrum of wetland types with emphasis on Alberta environments. An examination of the physical and chemical aspects of water and nutrients is conducted. Adaptations and ecological roles of microbes, fungi, plants, and higher organisms are discussed. Critical abiotic and biotic interactions are considered. Laboratory and field activities introduce common techniques for collecting, studying, and measuring organisms and ecological processes in freshwater systems.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 208.
BIOL 312
Terrestrial Ecology
3 Credits
This course examines the abiotic and biotic interactions that contribute to the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and landscapes. Principles of ecosystem and landscape ecology will be discussed. Topics include: soils, energy and nutrient cycling, plant productivity, climate patterns and impacts, and causes and consequences of landscape structure. Discussions will emphasize, but not be limited to, Alberta environments. The laboratory focuses on a range of techniques used in studying and measuring ecological processes in terrestrial systems, and the critical evaluation, analysis and effective communication of ecological information.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 208.
BIOL 313
Animal Developmental Biology
3 Credits
Students explore how molecular and cellular mechanisms drive the development of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Topics include differential gene regulation, intercellular communication, and morphogenesis related to development. Laboratory activities allow students to observe embryos and manipulate animal developmental processes.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 201 and in BIOL 205.
BIOL 314
Population Ecology
3 Credits
This course examines the central principles of population ecology and current practical applications in this field. Topics include population structure, dynamics, and modelling, foraging theory, interspecific interactions and applications to species harvesting, control, and conservation. The lab focuses on quantitative techniques used to model population parameters and solve ecological problems.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 208 and in any one of MATH 114, MATH 120, or MATH 125.
BIOL 315
History of Biology
3 Credits
This course traces the scientific foundations of biological discovery from the ancient Greeks to the present. The course presents the origins and evolution of modern concepts in biology and introduces students to the people that were largely responsible for these ideas. The course involves a major written component, critical evaluation of biological literature, an oral presentation, and peer work. Students are expected to actively participate in class discussions. Note: This course is intended for students in their 3rd year of study.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in two 200-level or higher Biological Sciences courses, of which one must be BIOL 207 or BIOL 208.
BIOL 316
Community Ecology
3 Credits
Students explore the patterns and processes determining the structure, function and dynamics of ecological communities. Topics include ecological interaction networks, species coexistence, community succession and stability, metacommunities, causes and consequences of biodiversity variation, and applications related to resource management, restoration, conservation, and community-level responses to global environmental change. The laboratory focuses on quantitative techniques commonly used to describe and model community dynamics in space and time.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 208 and in any one of MATH 114, MATH 120, or MATH 125.
BIOL 317
Biotechnology and Society
3 Credits
Students examine topical biotechnology applications such as, but not limited to, gene edited and genetically engineered food, de-extinction, biobanking, and prenatal genetic testing. This course emphasizes a scientific understanding of these applications, while considering social, legal, and ethical perspectives that influence their use. Contemporary issues are examined within a historical context. A Canadian perspective will be emphasized within the global context.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 207 and BIOL 208.
BIOL 321
Mechanisms of Evolution
3 Credits
This course examines the major principles of biological evolution including micro- and macroevolutionary processes. Students gain a fundamental understanding of phylogeny and systematics, genetic variation at the individual and population level, natural selection, adaptation, coevolution, speciation, and extinction.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 108 and BIOL 207.
BIOL 323
Introduction to Population Genetics
3 Credits
Population genetics explores patterns of genetic variation within and between populations, and the evolutionary forces behind this variation. This course examines the history of the field of population genetics and applies basic algebra to determine how populations evolve. Population genetics concepts are used to explore issues such as conservation biology and ancient DNA. We compare the mechanisms of evolution, including natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift, and apply these concepts to populations. Ethical issues related to the interpretation of data are discussed.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 207 and BIOL 208.
BIOL 337
Biostatistics and Research Design
3 Credits
Statistics is a cornerstone of biological research. This course introduces students to the methods used in experimental design, data collection, organization, analysis, and presentation of biological data. Evaluation of different sampling designs and the benefits and limitations of various data types for testing biological hypotheses are discussed. A variety of statistical tests are compared and contrasted. Laboratory activities include developing effective means of data collection and understanding how databases, spreadsheets, and statistical software are used in data analysis, including the presentation of results.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in STAT 151 and in any 200-level BICM, BIOL, BOTN, or ZOOL.
BIOL 361
Marine Biology
3 Credits
Over 70% of our planet is covered by ocean. If you can imagine a life form, it likely exists in the oceans. We now recognize our oceans are no longer a vast inexhaustible resource and play a vital role in the health of the biosphere. This course explores the organisms and their adaptations to habitats from the deep sea to open ocean to intertidal habitats. Students will design research proposals to address knowledge gaps and debate human impacts on the oceans. This course includes an optional field trip to a coastal area.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 208.
BIOL 365
Tropical Rainforest Ecology
3 Credits
This course provides an introduction to the biodiversity and ecology of organisms found in the world's most biologically rich ecosystem, the tropical rainforest. The physical and biotic forces that contribute to this incredible diversity are investigated, and the most serious threats to the conservation of the tropical rainforest ecosystem are explored. The course includes a field trip to the Tiputini Biodiversity Station in the lowland rainforest of eastern Ecuador, a visit to a high-elevation cloud forest in the Andes, and travel to other biological and cultural sites in Ecuador.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in BIOL 208 and consent of the department.
BIOL 367
Conservation Biology
3 Credits
This course introduces the principles of conservation biology with an emphasis on ecological processes operating at population, community, and ecosystem levels.Threats to biological diversity, ranging from species introductions to habitat destruction are explored ranging from the design of protected areas through conservation legislation. Challenges in applying conservation strategies, such as ethical, economic, political, legal, cultural, and societal concerns, are examined.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 208.
BIOL 371
Animal Behaviour
3 Credits
This course provides students with an evolutionary and ecological approach to the general question of "how and why animals behave as they do." The primary focus is on the structural and functional processes that shape a variety of behaviours. Students will differentiate between proximate and ultimate explanations of behaviour and create testable hypotheses for each.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 208 or in PSYC 358 and with consent of the department.
BIOL 399
Honours Proposal
3 Credits
In collaboration with a faculty mentor, the student develops a proposal for their Honours research project. In seminar, students evaluate primary literature through discussion of experimental design across a range of biological disciplines. Note: This course is restricted to students enrolled in the Biological Sciences Honours program. Consent of the department is required to enrol.
BIOL 410
Techniques in Field Ecology
3 Credits
This course provides students with experience in designing an ecological research project and collecting biological information in a field setting. Students gain skills in a range of field techniques and research design methods commonly used to study various biota in terrestrial, freshwater, and/or wetland ecosystems. Students collect, analyze, and communicate field data using various methods, critically evaluate the field techniques, and design and carry out an independent research project culminating in a final scientific paper. Note: This course may be taken up to two times, provided the course topic is different.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in any two of BOTN 305, BIOL 310, BIOL 312, BIOL 314, BIOL 316, BIOL 337, BIOL 365, or BIOL 371, and consent of the department.
BIOL 413
Current Topics in Animal Developmental Biology
3 Credits
Students explore primary literature related to mechanisms that determine the growth and development of embryos. Emphasis is placed on regulation of processes that establish the animal body plan. Topics may include evolutionary developmental biology, tissue regeneration, and environmental and/or teratogenic influences on embryo development.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 313.
BIOL 414
Invasion Ecology and Management
3 Credits
Biological invasions are increasing in frequency worldwide and are a leading cause of global biological change, with significant impacts on ecosystem function, economic resources, and human health. In this course, students synthesize and communicate their ecological knowledge as they explore the causes, consequences, prevention, and management of biological invasions in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Research approaches in invasion ecology through critical analyses of primary literature will be emphasized; discussion will emphasize local invasive species.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in any two of BIOL 310, BIOL 312, BIOL 314, BIOL 316, BIOL 323, BIOL 365, BIOL 367, BIOL 371, or BOTN 405.
BIOL 421
Techniques in Molecular and Cellular Biology
3 Credits
This is a guided laboratory research project in which students engage in scientific inquiry. The theory and application of techniques in molecular and cellular biology are used to develop and test hypotheses in a collaborative research environment. An emphasis on scientific writing allows students to communicate their analyses of experimental results. Note: Course projects vary and are announced prior to registration. The course may be taken up to two times, provided the course project is different.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of B- in BIOL 205 and in any two of BICM 310, BICM 320, BICM 330, BIOL 300, BIOL 313, GENE 369, or GENE 370, or consent of the department.
BIOL 422
Methods in Experimental Ecology
3 Credits
Through guided field- and/or lab- based research projects, students will engage in independent scientific inquiry. Students deepen their understanding of ecological theory through the application of ecological research methods. Emphasis is placed on the collection, analysis, and presentation of quantitative data. Note: Course projects vary and are announced prior to registration. This course may be taken up to two times, provided the course projects are different.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of B- in BIOL 208 and BIOL 337, and at least one of BIOL 310, BIOL 312, BIOL 314, BIOL 316, BIOL 365, BIOL 367, or BIOL 371.
BIOL 430
Pathobiology: The Cellular Basis of Disease
3 Credits
This course investigates pathological changes to cells and tissues as they manifest in human disease. Selected disease therapies are explored. Students review, analyze, critique, and discuss topics from the primary literature related to the cellular mechanisms that drive disease pathogenesis. Oral presentation, peer review, and group work skills are emphasized. The specific cellular processes examined change based on student interest and recent topics of importance within the field. Note: BICM 320 recommended.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 300.
BIOL 467
Advanced Conservation Biology
3 Credits
Effective conservation requires a strong knowledge of general ecology and the biology of target species for biodiversity management. However, conservation is also influenced by ethical values, cultural traditions, political and legal constraints, historical context, and other aspects of how humans relate to and connect with the natural world. This course will explore these different aspects of conservation biology and how they influence decision making. This course will primarily focus on conservation in Canada.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 367.
BIOL 477
Contemporary Issues in Freshwater Ecology
3 Credits
This seminar course engages students on contemporary issues surrounding freshwater ecology as related to research, policy and practice, environmental issues, and the effects of these on society. Students will explore critical ecological concepts through reviews of the relevant scientific literature, examination of case studies, in-depth discussions with peers and experts, development of presentations on specific topics, and writing associated review/synthesis papers. Guest speakers and media will round out the curriculum.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 337 and two of BIOL 310, BIOL 312, BIOL 314, or BIOL 316.
BIOL 492
Field Placement
3 Credits
This course provides students with experience in a professional setting where they develop skills and engage in professional conduct. Students will reflect on the roles and responsibilities of biologists in society, as well as on ethical challenges relevant to the placement. Students will communicate regularly with their faculty mentor. Enrolment is dependent on availability of appropriate field placements and a faculty member willing to act as a mentor.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in at least one 300-level Biological Sciences course; specific prerequisites may be required according to the field placement and with consent of the department.
BIOL 495
Special Topics
3 Credits
This course involves reading, discussing and critically evaluating current research on specialized topics of interest to senior students in Biological Sciences. Topics covered vary with the interests of students and faculty. Students should consult with faculty members in the Department of Biological Sciences for details regarding current offerings. Note: This course is intended for students in the final year of their degree. This course may be taken up to two times.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of B- in 300-level BIOL relevant to the special topic.
BIOL 498
Advanced Independent Study
3 Credits
In this course, students plan, conduct, and communicate the results of an independent research project in Biological Sciences under the direction of a faculty supervisor. Registration is contingent on the student having made prior arrangements with a faculty member willing to supervise the research. Note: This course is intended for students in the final year of their degree. This course may be taken up to two times for credit.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of B- in at least one 300-level Biological Sciences course; faculty mentors may require specific prerequisites according to the project needs.
BIOL 499A
Honours Thesis I
3 Credits
In this course, students develop research skills by conducting an independent research project in collaboration with a faculty mentor. This work will culminate in an Honours Thesis and public presentation. Students complete BIOL 499A and 499B in consecutive terms.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of B- in BIOL 399.
BIOL 499B
Honours Thesis II
3 Credits
In this course students develop research skills by conducting an independent research project in collaboration with a faculty mentor. This work will culminate in an Honours Thesis and public presentation. Students complete BIOL 499A and 499B in consecutive terms.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of B- in BIOL 399.
Botany
BOTN 205
Fundamentals of Plant Biology
3 Credits
This course gives a broad introduction to the fascinating field of plant biology. It covers the basics of plant taxonomy as applied to areas such as pharmaceutical sciences and ecological monitoring and management. Further, the course provides an overview of how adaptations to the terrestrial environment shaped the evolution of plants. The link between anatomy, morphology and function of specific organs will be examined in seed plants. We will discuss how the history of botany has shaped our knowledge of plants, and how current research is changing our understanding of plants as complex and responsive organisms. In the laboratory component, the student will gain skills in plant ID, standard herbarium techniques and descriptive analysis of plant morphology as well as in applying the scientific method to answer simple questions in plant biology.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 108 and BIOL 107.
BOTN 405
Plant Behaviour and its Applications
3 Credits
Over the past decade, it has become clear that plants are able to sense and respond to environmental cues, interact with other organisms, and make decisions about how to optimize growth, all of which can be described as behavioural responses. This course provides insight into the physiological mechanisms that allow for plant sensory responses and interactions with other organisms. We will explore how this understanding of plant behaviour can be applied in a variety of contexts such as pharmaceutical sciences, bio-remediation, reclamation, and pest- and pathogen-management in agriculture and forestry. The laboratory employs experimental techniques used in studying plant growth responses to answer specific research questions.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BOTN 205, and in one of BIOL 312, BIOL 314, BIOL 316, BIOL 321 or BIOL 337.
Genetics
GENE 369
Genetic Analysis of Bacteria
3 Credits
This course explores the role of bacteria and bacteriophages in the development of molecular genetics. Major topics include mechanisms of genetic exchange and genome plasticity in bacteria, and the replication processes of bacteriophages. Students propose experimental strategies to solve problems related to these topic areas and analyze data. Seminars develop the ability to critically analyze scientific literature through discussion of current and historical research papers.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 205 and BIOL 207.
GENE 370
Genetic Analysis of Eukaryotes
3 Credits
Students explore strategies, involving both genetic approaches and molecular methods, utilized in the dissection of biological processes in eukaryotic model systems. Forward and reverse genetic approaches are evaluated for their contribution to our understanding of the complex relationship between genotype and phenotype. The laboratory provides students the opportunity to develop skills employed in the genetic analysis of eukaryotes.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in BIOL 205 and BIOL 207.
GENE 400
Genome Organization
3 Credits
This course is an introduction to the field of genomics and explores the use of high-throughput approaches to examine the organization and expression of genetic material. Emphasis is placed on techniques employed in genomic analysis and their application to current biological questions.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in GENE 369 and GENE 370.
GENE 404
Investigations into Gene Regulation
3 Credits
Students investigate mechanisms of gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes through a critical analysis of primary literature. Transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, post-translational and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are explored. Students demonstrate their understanding through oral and written analyses.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in GENE 369 and GENE 370.
GENE 418
Human Genetics
3 Credits
This course examines the principles and methods of genetics as they relate to humans as individuals and in populations. Approaches used in the identification and analysis of Mendelian, complex, and chromosomal disorders are investigated with the contextual emphasis on the relationship between basic science and human disease. The relevance of advances in these areas of human genetics to the diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases is explored.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in GENE 370.
Zoology
ZOOL 224
Vertebrate Adaptations and Evolution
3 Credits
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the diversity of vertebrates using an evolutionary approach. Morphological, physiological, and behavioural adaptations related to the life of vertebrates in aquatic and terrestrial habitats are emphasized. Students employ the principles of systematics and taxonomy in the classification of vertebrates.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 108.
ZOOL 241
Animal Physiology I: Homeostasis
3 Credits
This course examines physiological systems that regulate the internal conditions of animals. Emphasis is placed on mechanisms that regulate water and ions, respiratory gases, and temperature in relation to the external environment. Physiological systems from both invertebrates and vertebrates are studied.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 107.
ZOOL 242
Animal Physiology II: Intercellular Communication
3 Credits
This course examines the physiological systems of animals that involve intercellular communication. Focus is on the endocrine, neural, sensory, motor, and immune systems of invertebrate and vertebrate animals.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 107.
ZOOL 250
Invertebrate Zoology
3 Credits
This course explores the evolution and ecological roles of invertebrate animals. The diversity of ecological niches, behaviours, and life histories of invertebrates are related to functional anatomy. In the laboratory, students explore the diversity and functional anatomy of invertebrates using live and preserved specimens. The course includes an optional field trip to a coastal area.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in BIOL 108.
ZOOL 324
Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates
3 Credits
This course provides a comparative survey of the anatomy of vertebrates emphasizing evolutionary trends and anatomical adaptations for life in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Special emphasis is placed on fish and mammals. The laboratory develops advanced dissection skills.
ZOOL 325
Entomology
3 Credits
Insects are the most successful animals on Earth. This course examines their evolutionary history and adaptations that have led to their success. Insect behaviour is examined as it relates to morphology, lifecycle, and ecology to explain how insects can be dominant in diverse ecological situations. The economic, medical, scientific and cultural impact of insects is surveyed. The laboratory emphasizes methods of collecting, preserving, and identifying insect groups.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in ZOOL 250.
ZOOL 400
Aquatic Vertebrates
3 Credits
This course examines the evolution and natural history of fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, and mammals in aquatic environments. Topics include behavioural, morphological, and physiological adaptations. Students summarize, interpret, and present scientific literature. The laboratory focuses on biodiversity, fecundity, locomotion, and molecular systematics with emphasis on native species of Alberta.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in ZOOL 224 and one of BIOL 310, BIOL 361, BIOL 367, or ZOOL 324.
ZOOL 401
Terrestrial Vertebrates
3 Credits
This course examines the evolution and natural history of amphibians, birds, reptiles, and mammals in terrestrial environments. Topics include behavioural, morphological, and physiological adaptations. Students summarize, interpret, and present scientific literature on ecological and environmental issues of terrestrial vertebrates. The laboratory focuses on native species of Alberta.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in ZOOL 224 and one of BIOL 312, BIOL 367, or ZOOL 324.
ZOOL 452
Principles of Parasitism
3 Credits
Using an ecological approach, this course examines the relationships between parasites and their animal hosts. The structural and physiological adaptations used by parasites to successfully complete their life cycles are discussed, as well as host defensive strategies. Examples of human parasitic infections are explored. The laboratory emphasizes parasite morphology, life cycles, behaviour, systematics, and evolution.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in ZOOL 250.
Program Learning Outcomes
- Independently acquire and integrate biological knowledge
- Master an understanding of biological systems in terms of:
- evolutionary processes and outcomes;
- the transmission, exchange, and expression of information;
- connections between structure and function;
- transformation and manipulation of energy and matter;
- diversity;
- relationships between biotic and abiotic elements at a micro and macro level.
- Incorporate new information into an existing biological knowledge framework.
- Locate and critically evaluate information, literature, and data.
- Master an understanding of biological systems in terms of:
- Evaluate biological research
- Assess the scientific method and its limitations.
- Distinguish between elements of experimental design including research questions/objectives, hypotheses, methodology, data and results, and conclusions.
- Appraise the limits of data and results in explaining biological phenomena and how to communicate these limits when formulating conclusions.
- Describe the peer review process for academic publication.
- Demonstrate competency in standard lab and/or field techniques
- Perform basic lab/field skills from both streams and deploy a breadth of skills in their stream of focus.
- Utilize data management techniques and technological tools.
- Apply biological knowledge
- Evaluate knowledge gaps and their relationship to biological problems.
- Propose and apply methodology to test hypotheses, collect, analyse, and interpret data.
- Employ disciplinary principles to develop solutions to biological problems.
- Effectively communicate biological concepts using a variety of media
- Produce effective written and oral communication employing a scientific vocabulary.
- Correctly cite and reference sources.
- Differentiate between the formats in which scientists disseminate knowledge.
- Appraise audiences and tailor communication accordingly.
- Engage in professional conduct
- Work collaboratively and engage in peer review.
- Recognize ethical challenges and the importance of scientific integrity.
- Describe the role of biologists in society and reflect on their responsibilities and limitations as experts.
Expected Course Offerings
Following is a list of expected course offerings for the fall and winter terms of 2021-22 and 2022-23. While some might change, students can be assured that required courses will be available.
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Fall 2021 | ||
| Introductory Biochemistry | ||
| Structure and Function of Biomolecules | ||
| Current Issues in Human Biology | ||
| Nutrition and the Body | ||
| Humans and Their Environment | ||
| Introduction to Cell Biology | ||
| Introduction to Evolution | ||
| Eukaryotic Cellular Biology I | ||
| Principles of Molecular Biology | ||
| Principles of Genetics | ||
| Principles of Ecology | ||
| Freshwater Ecology | ||
| Animal Developmental Biology | ||
| Conservation Biology | ||
| Animal Behaviour | ||
| Techniques in Molecular and Cellular Biology | ||
| Pathobiology: The Cellular Basis of Disease | ||
| Special Topics | ||
| Fundamentals of Plant Biology | ||
| Genetic Analysis of Eukaryotes | ||
| Investigations into Gene Regulation | ||
| Vertebrate Adaptations and Evolution | ||
| Animal Physiology I: Homeostasis | ||
| Entomology | ||
| Aquatic Vertebrates | ||
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Winter 2022 | ||
| Introductory Biochemistry | ||
| Nucleic Acid Biochemistry | ||
| Current Issues in Human Biology | ||
| Nutrition and the Body | ||
| Humans and Their Environment | ||
| Introduction to Cell Biology | ||
| Introduction to Evolution | ||
| Eukaryotic Cellular Biology I | ||
| Principles of Molecular Biology | ||
| Principles of Genetics | ||
| Principles of Ecology | ||
| Introduction to Microbiology | ||
| Eukaryotic Cellular Biology II | ||
| Population Ecology | ||
| Biotechnology and Society | ||
| Mechanisms of Evolution | ||
| Introduction to Population Genetics | ||
| Biostatistics and Research Design | ||
| Marine Biology | ||
| Honours Proposal | ||
| Current Topics in Animal Developmental Biology | ||
| Invasion Ecology and Management | ||
| Advanced Conservation Biology | ||
| Plant Behaviour and its Applications | ||
| Genetic Analysis of Bacteria | ||
| Genetic Analysis of Eukaryotes | ||
| Genome Organization | ||
| Human Genetics | ||
| Animal Physiology II: Intercellular Communication | ||
| Invertebrate Zoology | ||
| Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates | ||
| Terrestrial Vertebrates | ||
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Summer 2022 Field Course | ||
| Tropical Rainforest Ecology | ||
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Fall 2022 | ||
| Introductory Biochemistry | ||
| Structure and Function of Biomolecules | ||
| Current Issues in Human Biology | ||
| Nutrition and the Body | ||
| Humans and Their Environment | ||
| Introduction to Cell Biology | ||
| Introduction to Evolution | ||
| Eukaryotic Cellular Biology I | ||
| Principles of Molecular Biology | ||
| Principles of Genetics | ||
| Principles of Ecology | ||
| Terrestrial Ecology | ||
| Animal Developmental Biology | ||
| Conservation Biology | ||
| Animal Behaviour | ||
| Techniques in Molecular and Cellular Biology | ||
| Pathobiology: The Cellular Basis of Disease | ||
| Special Topics | ||
| Fundamentals of Plant Biology | ||
| Genetic Analysis of Eukaryotes | ||
| Investigations into Gene Regulation | ||
| Vertebrate Adaptations and Evolution | ||
| Animal Physiology I: Homeostasis | ||
| Entomology | ||
| Aquatic Vertebrates | ||
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Winter 2023 | ||
| Introductory Biochemistry | ||
| Intermediary Metabolism | ||
| Current Issues in Human Biology | ||
| Nutrition and the Body | ||
| Humans and Their Environment | ||
| Introduction to Cell Biology | ||
| Introduction to Evolution | ||
| Eukaryotic Cellular Biology I | ||
| Principles of Molecular Biology | ||
| Principles of Genetics | ||
| Principles of Ecology | ||
| Introduction to Microbiology | ||
| Eukaryotic Cellular Biology II | ||
| Community Ecology | ||
| Biotechnology and Society | ||
| Mechanisms of Evolution | ||
| Introduction to Population Genetics | ||
| Biostatistics and Research Design | ||
| Marine Biology | ||
| Honours Proposal | ||
| Current Topics in Animal Developmental Biology | ||
| Contemporary Issues in Freshwater Ecology | ||
| Plant Behaviour and its Applications | ||
| Genetic Analysis of Bacteria | ||
| Genetic Analysis of Eukaryotes | ||
| Genome Organization | ||
| Human Genetics | ||
| Animal Physiology II: Intercellular Communication | ||
| Invertebrate Zoology | ||
| Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates | ||
| Terrestrial Vertebrates | ||
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Summer 2023 Field Course | ||
| Techniques in Field Ecology | ||
Admission Requirements
Applicants may be admitted to one of the following:
Regular Admission
To be evaluated through the Office of the University Registrar
Applicants must have a minimum overall average of 65 percent, with no course grade lower than 50 percent, in the following high school courses:
- ELA 30-1
- Mathematics 30-1
- Two of Biology 30, Chemistry 30, Mathematics 31, Physics 30, or Computing Science-Advanced Career and Technology Studies (5 credits)
- One subject from Group A, B, C or D
Notes:
- A maximum of one Group D subject may be presented. Group D subjects used for admission must be 5-credit or any credit combination of at least 5 credits (e.g., two 3-credit subjects).
Applicants with nine to 23 university-level credits must also present a minimum Admission Grade Point Average (AGPA) of 2.0 on a 4.0 scale. Applicants with 24 or more university-level credits will be considered under Previous Post-Secondary Work.
Mature Admission
To be evaluated through the Office of the University Registrar
Applicants must be Canadian Applicants, 20 years of age or older, and have been out of full-time high school at least one year by the beginning of the intake term. Applicants must have a minimum overall average of 60 percent, with no course grade lower than 50 percent, in the following high school courses:
- ELA 30-1
- Mathematics 30-1
- Two of Biology 30, Chemistry 30, Mathematics 31, Physics 30, or Computing Science-Advanced Level Career and Technology Studies (5 credits)
Applicants with nine to 23 university-level credits must also present a minimum Admission Grade Point Average (AGPA) of 2.0 on a 4.0 scale. Applicants with 24 or more university-level credits will be considered under Previous Post-Secondary Work.
Previous Post-Secondary Work
To be evaluated through the Office of the University Registrar
Admission in this category does not imply or guarantee the transfer of any coursework and/or credential unless a block transfer agreement (internal or external) is in effect and published in the calendar by the Office of the University Registrar. In addition, transfer of coursework does not imply or guarantee that an applicant will be admitted.
Applicants must have successfully completed the following:
- A minimum of 24 university-level credits, from a recognized institution, with a minimum Admission Grade Point Average (AGPA) of 2.0 on a 4.0 scale.
- The required mathematics and science courses listed under the Regular or Mature Admission category.
Additional Admission Criteria
All applicants must meet the following:
1. English Language Proficiency
To be evaluated through the Office of the University Registrar
Applicable to All Admission Categories
All applicants must meet an acceptable level of English language proficiency. We will require official documents such as high school or post-secondary transcripts or proof of successful completion of standardized language evaluation. Full details are available in MacEwan University’s academic calendar or online at MacEwan.ca/ELP.
2. Other Admission Criteria
To be evaluated through the Office of the University Registrar
Applicable to All Admission Categories
Applicants who have been assigned two unsatisfactory academic records within the past five years will not be considered for admission or re-admission to the program until a minimum three years from the date of the assignment of the last unsatisfactory academic record. For the purpose of admission or re-admission, an unsatisfactory record is defined as a transcript with the notation ‘required to withdraw’ or equivalent.