Physical Sciences - Bachelor of Science
Overview
Physical Sciences covers small to big (subatomic particles to gigantic rock formations) and near to far (the chemistry that makes up your own body to the physics that lets you explore the farthest reaches of the solar system). Delve into current and relevant research in the fields of chemistry, Earth and planetary sciences, and physics. Access state-of-the-art technology, including robotic telescopes and our very own nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer.
To major in physical sciences, students complete courses in chemistry, Earth and planetary sciences, and physics. Students can also choose to minor in any of the other disciplines offered in the Bachelor of Science program.
Contact Information
Department of Physical Sciences
Room 5-132, City Centre Campus
10700 - 104 Avenue
Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2
T: 780-497-4490
Faculty of Arts and Science, Program Services (Advising)
Room 6-211, City Centre Campus
T: 780-497-4505
E: artsandscience@macewan.ca
Bachelor of Science
Faculty of Arts and Science
MacEwan.ca/Science
The Bachelor of Science (BSc) is a foundational general degree that provides broad and widely applicable knowledge and abilities, rather than a niche specialization. This broad base equips graduates with generalist knowledge and skills that give the flexibility and agility so highly valued in a dynamic world economy. It also gives students a solid foundation from which to specialize in future employment or further schooling.
The degree provides breadth of study across a variety of Arts and Science disciplines, and sets the foundation for later years. The major and minor areas of study allow students to focus and gain in-depth expertise in complementary or entirely disparate disciplines; there is a wide array of possible combinations. Finally, options allow students to explore courses outside their disciplines, or even within their program, and so enhance their diversity of learning. The small classes, close interaction between instructors and students, opportunities for individual study, and faculty with a strong focus on teaching are signature strengths of this program.
General Program Information
The BSc requires students to complete 120 credits of non-duplicative coursework. The BSc emphasizes both breadth and depth and has been designed for exceptional flexibility and customization. Students can complete a major and a minor, a double major, or a major and two minors.
Science Disciplines
| Discipline | Major | Minor | Honours |
|---|---|---|---|
| Applied Statistics | ⦿ | - | - |
| Biological Sciences | ⦿ | ⦿ | ⦿ |
| Chemistry | ⦿ | ⦿ | - |
| Computer Science | ⦿ | ⦿ | - |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | - | ⦿ | - |
| Mathematics | ⦿ | ⦿ | ⦿ |
| Mathematical Sciences | ⦿ | - | - |
| Planetary Physics | - | ⦿ | - |
| Physical Sciences | ⦿ | - | - |
| Physics | - | ⦿ | - |
| Psychology | ⦿ | ⦿ | ⦿ |
| Statistics | - | ⦿ | - |
Arts Minors
| Discipline | Minor |
|---|---|
| Anthropology | ⦿ |
| Classics | ⦿ |
| Creative Writing | ⦿ |
| Economics | ⦿ |
| English | ⦿ |
| French | ⦿ |
| Gender Studies | ⦿ |
| History | ⦿ |
| Philosophy | ⦿ |
| Political Science | ⦿ |
| Sociology | ⦿ |
| Spanish | ⦿ |
Out of Faculty Minors
| Discipline | Minor |
|---|---|
| Accounting Minor for Arts and Science | ⦿ |
| Arts and Cultural Management | ⦿ |
| Business Law | ⦿ |
| Business Studies | ⦿ |
| Digital Experience Design | ⦿ |
| Finance Minor for Arts and Science | ⦿ |
| Human Resources Minor for Arts and Science | ⦿ |
| Marketing Minor for Arts and Science | ⦿ |
Preparing for Professional Studies
Students intending to enter professional programs at other universities can take their pre-professional programs in the Faculty of Arts and Science at MacEwan University. The university offers the first and second year of a number of pre-professional programs, including chiropractic medicine, dental hygiene, dentistry, medical laboratory science, medicine, optometry, pharmacy and veterinary medicine. All courses taken in these pre-professional programs are credit courses and, as such, they may be applied to any of the degrees offered by MacEwan University.
Students are advised to consult the admissions requirements for the universities and programs of their choice, and to select their MacEwan University courses accordingly. Completion of pre-professional courses at MacEwan University does not guarantee admission to the subsequent professional program. Each professional program requires a separate application and entry is competitive, not automatic.
Degree Requirements
Breadth Requirements
All Bachelor of Science degrees require Breadth Requirements. Courses can satisfy both the breadth requirements and requirements for the major(s), minor(s), Honours, or options. BIOL, CHEM, EASC, or PHYS courses must include a laboratory component.
| Breadth Element | Description | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Biological or Earth and Planetary Sciences | BIOL or EASC (not including BIOL 101, BIOL 102, or BIOL 103) | 6 |
| Chemistry or Physics | CHEM or PHYS | 6 |
| English | ENGL 102 and 3 credits in university English (not including ENGL 111, ENGL 108, or ENGL 211) | 6 |
| Humanities | CLAS, COMP, HIST, HUMN, PHIL or a language other than English | 6 |
| Mathematical Sciences | One of MATH 114, MATH 120, or MATH 125, and 3 credits in MATH, STAT, or CMPT (not including MATH 160, MATH 170, or CMPT 104) | 6 |
| Social Sciences | ANTH, ECON, LING, POLS, PSYC, or SOCI | 6 |
Bachelor of Science Degree
| Program Element | Description | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Major | The Science major will range from 42 to 60 credits with a minimum 36 credits taken at the senior-level.1 | 42-60 |
| Secondary Major or Minor(s) | Students have the option of completing a second Science major, or one or two minors. Minor courses must be completed at the senior-level.1 | 18-60 |
| Options | Students can complete up to 15 credits in out-of-faculty options, with no more than 3 credits in physical activity (PACT) courses | Up to 60 |
| Total Degree Credits Including Breadth | 120 |
| 1 | Multi-disciplinary majors consist of 60-72 junior- and senior-level credits. Students majoring in mathematical or physical sciences may pursue a minor but are not required to do so. |
Bachelor of Science Honours
| Program Element | Description | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum Honours Requirements | Honours requirements are determined by each discipline. | 63 |
| Option Courses, Non-Compulsory Honours Courses, and/or a Minor | Students have the option of completing a minor from outside of the Honours discipline. Some disciplines may require a minor. | 57 |
| Total Degree Credits Including Breadth | 120 |
The minimum passing grade for a course at MacEwan University is a D unless otherwise noted next to the appropriate course in the program of study. In the Faculty of Arts and Science, students typically require a minimum grade of C- to use a course as a prerequisite. Please check course descriptions for more information.
Physical Sciences Requirements
Physical Sciences Major
The Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Physical Sciences program requires students to complete 120 credits of non-duplicative coursework. The major is comprised of three disciplines – chemistry, Earth and planetary sciences, and physics. Students select two of the three as primary disciplines. While students in this major are not required to complete a minor, if chemistry, Earth and planetary sciences or physics disciplines are chosen as a minor, all senior-level credits in that discipline will only count toward the minor.
Students are required to complete option courses as well as the Physical Sciences Major and the possible minor. All BSc degrees require Breadth Requirements. Courses can satisfy both the breadth requirements and requirements for the major(s), minor(s), or options.
The Physical Sciences Major is 60 to 72 credits with a minimum of 42 senior-level credits. Students must complete a minimum of three credits at the 300- or 400-level in each primary discipline and a minimum of 12 credits at the 300- or 400-level across all primary disciplines. MATH 114 is a prerequisite for most 200-level PHYS courses. Students are advised to take MATH 114 in the first year of their program.
Bachelor of Science - Physical Sciences Major
| Course ID | Course Name | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Specific Major Requirements | ||
| Choose 6 credits from each of the following disciplines: | 18 | |
| Chemistry | ||
| Introductory University Chemistry I | ||
| Introductory University Chemistry II | ||
| Earth and Planetary Science | ||
| Introduction to Physical Science | ||
| Introduction to Environmental Earth Science | ||
| Physics | ||
| Physics for Life Sciences I and Physics for Life Sciences II | ||
| Mechanics and Electromagnetism | ||
| General Major Requirements | ||
| Three Disciplines - Chemistry (CHEM), Earth and Planetary Sciences (EASC), and Physics (PHYS). PHSC can be used wherever CHEM, EASC, or PHYS is used. | ||
| Primary Discipline I | ||
| Choose 18 to 24 credits from senior-level courses from the first primary discipline | 18-24 | |
| Primary Discipline II | ||
| Choose 18 to 24 credits from senior- level courses from the second primary discipline | 18-24 | |
| General Requirements | ||
| Choose 6-12 credits from senior- level courses from the third discipline | 6-12 | |
| Minor | ||
| Students have the option of completing a minor. Minor courses must be completed at the senior-level. | 0-18 | |
| Options | ||
| Students can complete up to 15 credits in out-of-faculty options, with no more than 3 credits in physical activity (PACT) courses. | 30-60 | |
| Total Credits | 120 | |
Degree Regulations
Students are strongly encouraged to seek advice from the faculty advisors about program planning.
Academic Residency - Credit Requirements
In addition to the academic residency requirements of the University, Bachelor of Science students must complete at MacEwan University:
- A minimum of 24 credits at the senior-level in the major discipline, with 12 of those senior credits completed at the 300- or 400-level. All 400-level requirements are to be completed at MacEwan University.
- If applicable, a minimum of nine credits in a minor at the senior-level, with at least three of those credits completed at the 300- or 400-level.
Breadth Requirements
Courses taken to fulfil the major, minor, or option requirements can also be used to satisfy breadth requirements.
Declaration of a Major and Minor
Students are advised to declare a primary major and minor, or primary major and a secondary major, or a major and two minors by the time they have completed 45 credits. Majors are selected from Science disciplines and consist of 42 to 60 junior- and senior-level credits. Multi-disciplinary majors consist of 60-72 junior- and senior-level credits. With the exception of those students in an Honours program, a maximum of 60 credits may be completed from any one discipline for credit towards the degree. A major and minor cannot be in the same discipline and students may not declare more than one out-of-faculty minor. Students can re-declare their major(s) and/or minor(s) if required.
For students completing multiple majors or minors, the Faculty cannot guarantee a schedule of classes that will permit students to complete their degree in eight consecutive fall and winter semesters. Furthermore, depending on the courses in which a student enrols, meeting the requirements of a double major may require the completion of more than 120 credits for graduation. Students are strongly encouraged to consult with a program advisor in the Program Services Office in the Faculty of Arts and Science and a discipline advisor in their major and minor prior to this declaration. Students majoring in mathematical or physical sciences may pursue a minor but are not required to do so.
Graduation Grade Point Average
As part of the Graduation Grade Point Average regulation above, Bachelor of Science students must obtain an overall GGPA of 2.0 or higher, with a minimum GPA of 2.0 on all courses credited toward the major(s) and a minimum GPA of 2.0 on all courses credited toward the minor(s).
Graduation Requirements
Graduation requirements are governed by the date on which a student declares their major(s) and minor(s). Students who declare their major(s) and minor(s) up to and including February 15 are bound by the requirements of the current academic year. Those students who declare after this date are bound by the programs of study and degree requirements of the upcoming academic year as published in the MacEwan Academic Calendar.
Junior - and Senior-Level Courses
Courses numbered from 100 to 199 are considered junior-level and courses numbered from 200 to 499 are considered senior-level.
Major or Minor 300- and 400- Level Requirements
The 300- and 400-level requirements in the major or minor cannot consist solely of project, field placement, and/or individual study courses.
Maximum Independent Courses
The maximum number of credits for independent work (project, field placement, and/or individual study courses) excluding the Honours Thesis, is 15 credits. Specific disciplines may have further restrictions.
Maximum Junior-Level Courses
A maximum of 48 credits at the 100-level are permitted in completion of the B.Sc. degree. Additional courses at the 100-level are extra to the 120 credits required to complete the B.Sc. degree and will not be counted toward fulfilment of graduation requirements.
Minimum Science Courses
Students are required to complete successfully a minimum of 72 total credits from Science courses.
Minimum Passing Grade
A minimum grade of D is required for all Science degree courses unless otherwise noted next to the appropriate course in the program of study.
Minimum Transfer Grade for Credit
A minimum grade of D is required on any transfer credit granted for the program. Arts and Science courses require a minimum grade of C- when the course is used as a prerequisite. Transfer credit decisions made by the university are final and cannot be appealed.
Out-of-Faculty Options Requirements
Degree options may include a maximum of 15 credits from courses offered by a Faculty or School other than Arts and Science except for those students completing an out-of-faculty minor or those who have met the minor requirements with a diploma. These students must complete their degree options from courses offered within the Faculty of Arts and Science.
Progression of Studies
Students are responsible for ensuring they meet the prerequisite and/or co-requisite requirements as noted on all courses that may fulfill Bachelor of Science program requirements.
Honours Regulations
Overall Requirements
The Honours program of study consists of 63 to 84 credits as determined by the discipline. Students in the Honours program may choose to complete a minor outside of the Honours discipline. Some disciplines may require a minor.
Course Load
Students accepted into an Honours program must complete 24-credits in each twelve consecutive months they are in the program. Exceptions to this rule may occur with the approval of the Honours discipline advisor.
Grade Point Average
Students accepted and enrolled in the Science Honours program must maintain a minimum overall GPA of 3.0. As well, students must maintain a minimum GPA of 3.3 across a set of courses designated by each discipline for each twelve consecutive months following acceptance into the Honours program. Failure to do so will result in the student’s program status reverting to BSc with a major in the previous Honours discipline.
Graduation Grade Point Average
In order to graduate, students must obtain an overall GGPA of 3.0 or higher, with a minimum GPA of 3.3 on all courses credited toward the Honours program of study.
Additional Degree Regulations - Subsequent Baccalaureate
In addition to meeting the degree regulations listed above, students who already hold a baccalaureate degree must satisfy the provisions of policies pertaining to subsequent baccalaureate credentials.
Physical Sciences Courses
Chemistry Courses
CHEM 101
Introductory University Chemistry I
3 Credits
This course serves as a foundation for all subsequent chemistry courses. Atomic properties as they relate to the periodic table are considered, along with quantum mechanics for hydrogen-like orbitals and electron configurations. The course provides an introduction to bonding theories as they apply to the stability, molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions of atomic, ionic and molecular species. Topics include chemical nomenclature, stoichiometry, classification of chemical reactivity, gases (both ideal and real) and thermochemistry. Note: Credit may be obtained in only one of CHEM 101 or CHME 103.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 30.
CHEM 102
Introductory University Chemistry II
3 Credits
This course emphasizes the importance of chemical equilibrium as it applies to gases, acids and bases, solubility and precipitation reactions and complex ion formation. Also studied are kinetics (rates of reactions, differential and integrated rate laws, the Arrhenius equation), catalysts, thermodynamics (spontaneity, entropy, free energy), and electrochemistry (balancing redox reactions, calculating standard and non-standard cell potentials), with emphasis on some practical applications related to batteries, corrosion and industrial processes. A special topic, selected by the instructor, is covered if time permits. Note: Credit may only be obtained in one of CHEM 102 or CHME 105.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in CHEM 101.
CHEM 211
Applied Analytical Chemistry
3 Credits
This course surveys the principles, methods, and experimental applications of classical analytical chemistry, emphasizing solution phase equilibria, titrimetry, volumetric laboratory skills, and the evaluation of experimental data. This course includes real life examples of organic and inorganic analysis and analytical chemistry literature. Students are introduced to principles, methods, and experimental applications of separation techniques, atomic and molecular spectrometry, potentiometry, and the evaluation of experimental data.
CHEM 232
Inorganic Chemistry
3 Credits
This course examines the bonding models used for inorganic compounds (main group and transition metal elements). Reactivity patterns of inorganic compounds are considered to gain an understanding of the role of thermodynamics and kinetics in their preparation and reactivity. Physical methods that are used to characterize inorganic compounds are discussed. The relevance and importance of inorganic compounds in the environment, industry and biology are emphasized.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in CHEM 102.
CHEM 242
Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry
3 Credits
This course is about the use of methods to design experiments, analyze measured data, and devise quantitative models in chemistry. These models are applied to explain observations, to optimize experimental conditions, and to predict and control the direction, extent and rate of physicochemical processes. Internal energy, enthalpy, entropy and free energy functions are applied to perform the materials and energy balances of reactions, phase transitions, transport of matter, and coupled processes thereof. Focus is placed on nonequilibrium and steady-state processes. The laws of energy conservation, entropy production, and equilibrium are applied to phenomena occurring inside systems consisting of several components and phases. Fundamentals cover the methods to determine the kinetic parameters and mechanism of chemical reactions.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in CHEM 102 and MATH 114.
CHEM 261
Organic Chemistry I
3 Credits
This course covers the molecular structure and reactivity of organic compounds based on their functional groups and is intended for students who have obtained at least three credits in Introductory University Chemistry. The course provides an introduction to nomenclature, three dimensional structure and physical properties of organic compounds as well as reaction mechanisms and infrared spectroscopy. Although most organic functional groups are discussed, the focus is on the chemistry of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and alkyl halides. Mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions of alkyl halides are discussed.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in either CHEM 102 or CHME 105.
CHEM 263
Organic Chemistry II
3 Credits
The nomenclature, structure, physical properties, synthesis and selected reactions of the basic functional groups in organic chemistry are discussed. Functional groups covered include alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives. The presence of these functional groups in natural products is emphasized. The application of spectroscopic methods for structure determination in simple organic molecules is discussed.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in CHEM 164 or in CHEM 261.
CHEM 311
Advanced Chemical Analysis
3 Credits
This course discusses instrumentation and analytical applications of spectroscopic, chromatographic, and electroanalytical methods. The theory governing each analytical technique and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Emphasis is placed on choosing the appropriate method for a particular analysis.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in one of CHEM 211, CHEM 270, or CHEM 372.
CHEM 320
Introduction to Geochemistry
3 Credits
This course provides an introduction to the interdisciplinary science of geochemistry. The first part of the course examines our home planet from a geochemical perspective and includes formation of the Earth and our solar system, the origin of the elements and their distribution within the Earth, and evolution of the crust, mantle and core. An introduction to the essential geochemical tools of thermodynamics and kinetics, isotope geochemistry and trace element geochemistry is also provided. The second part of the course examines the geochemistry of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and covers topics as diverse as the melting and crystallization of rocks to the contamination of our water supplies and the stability of carbonates in our oceans. Note: Credit can only be obtained in one of CHEM 320 or EASC 320.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in EASC 219 and in CHEM 241 or CHEM 242.
CHEM 322
Introduction to Biogeochemistry
3 Credits
Biogeochemistry is the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern planet Earth. This course provides an introduction to the discipline, focusing on the exchange of energy and elements between the biosphere and the geosphere. The fundamental components of the Earth’s system are examined, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere, alongside their evolutionary histories and linkages. Topics include the principle biogeochemical cycles, such as the carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles, and their histories. These cycles are assessed in the context of recent environmental and climate change driven by anthropogenic activities. This course incorporates a multitude of disciplines, spanning geology, chemistry, biology, and environmental science. Note: Credit cannot be obtained in both CHEM 322 and EASC 322.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in one of CHEM 232, CHEM 261,CHEM 270, or CHEM 372; and in one of EASC 226, EASC 270 or EASC 271.
CHEM 333
Organometallic Chemistry
3 Credits
This course surveys the basic principles of the organometallic chemistry as they apply to metals of the d-block elements and main group metals. Topics include a survey of ligands and coordination chemistry/geometry of transition metals and main group metals. The properties and reactions of organometallic complexes, and applications of organotransition metal compounds in catalysis, organic synthesis, bioinorganic chemistry and medicinal chemistry are reviewed.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in CHEM 232 and CHEM 263.
CHEM 342
Materials Chemistry
3 Credits
This course is about the relationships among processing, structure, properties, performance, applications and sustainability of materials. It covers the materials classed as metal alloys, crystals, glasses, ceramics, plastics and composites. It examines the structural assembling of materials at the macroscopic, microscopic, nanoscopic and atomistic scales of size. The interatomic and intermolecular bonding at play in the assembling of such structures is analyzed. How mechanical, optical, electrical, surface, bonding and catalytic properties arise from the structural assemblage is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the methods of processing chemical substances to manufacture materials with desired structure and properties, as well as on integration of materials in technological devices.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in CHEM 242, or in CHEM 102 and PHYS 224.
CHEM 353
Forensic Chemistry
3 Credits
This course examines the theory and practice of forensic chemistry. The course focuses on chemical analytical techniques used for the detection, identification, and comparison of forensic evidence such as illicit drugs, poisons, gunshot residues, fire accelerants, and explosives. The theory of a variety of analytical techniques along with their scope and limitations is embedded in this discussion. The practical application of these techniques is considered with reference to appropriate examples and forensic case studies. This is further reinforced in the laboratory, where students will gain hands-on experience in the use of a range of analytical techniques for the investigation of simulated crime scenarios. The structure and function of forensic chemistry laboratory services and the key issues of cross-contamination and laboratory quality control and quality assurance will be examined.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in CHEM 261, and in either CHEM 211 or CHEM 252.
CHEM 362
Advanced Organic Chemistry
3 Credits
This course is designed to build upon the concepts introduced in Chemistry 261 and Chemistry 263, offering a more advanced and sophisticated insight into the physical properties and chemical reactions of organic compounds. A focal point will be the chemistry of carbonyl compounds. Mechanistic and multistep synthesis approaches will be emphasized.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in CHEM 263.
CHEM 364
Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry
3 Credits
Students will be introduced to pharmaceutical drug discovery and the pivotal role played by chemistry. The principles and processes involved in modern drug design and development are presented and, throughout, are emphasized by reference to compounds in current clinical usage. Particular emphasis is placed on cancer therapeutics and antiviral agents. Recent advances in the use of computational and combinatorial chemistry in drug design are discussed.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in CHEM 263.
CHEM 372
Environmental Chemistry
3 Credits
The chemistry of natural environmental process and the impact of anthropogenic activity on those processes will be examined. Topics include atmospheric chemistry, including photochemical reactions, ozone depletion and urban air pollution; aquatic chemistry, including complex equilibria, buffering, and oxidation and reduction; and an introduction to sources and fate of organic and inorganic pollutants. In the laboratory, students will gain hands on experience in common methods of environmental testing and remediation. Note: Credit cannot be received for both CHEM 270 and CHEM 372.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in CHEM 102 and CHEM 261.
CHEM 380
Process and Flow Chemistry
3 Credits
This course provides an introduction and training in the different types of chemical and physical methods, and equipment that may be employed in process and flow chemistry. The use and installation of process analytical technology/chemistry is also explored. On-line and in-line monitoring of chemical processes is strongly emphasized, both in the lecture and the laboratory environment.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C– in CHEM 211 and CHEM 263.
CHEM 391
Applied Spectroscopy
3 Credits
This course focuses on the practical aspects of preparing samples for analysis, collecting and analyzing data, and characterizing organic, inorganic and biological compounds. Methods are explored from a theoretical and practical perspective and include X-ray crystallography, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Note: Credit cannot be obtained for both CHEM 291 and CHEM 391.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in CHEM 261.
CHEM 398
Independent Study
3 Credits
This course permits an intermediate-level student to work with a faculty member to explore a specific topic in depth through research or through directed reading in primary and secondary sources. The student plans, executes and reports the results of their research or study project under the direction of a faculty supervisor. To be granted enrollment in the course, the student must have made prior arrangements with a faculty member willing to supervise his or her project. This course can be taken twice for credit.
CHEM 410
Industrial Chemistry
3 Credits
An introduction to the principles and practice of industrial chemistry with a special emphasis on modern and emerging processes. Selected industrial processes will be discussed, such as production of primary petrochemicals and their associated secondary products, including plastics, pharmaceuticals, dyes, perfumes, and pesticides. Plant design, catalysis, and pollution control will be emphasized, with insights from the principles of green and environmental chemistry. This course will include presentations by industrial chemists, and optional tours of chemical plants and industrial laboratories.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in any 300-level CHEM course.
CHEM 441
Molecular Modelling
3 Credits
This introduction to molecular modelling deals with the application of quantum mechanical methods to compute structural models, molecular and bulk properties of matter, and the mechanisms by which molecules interact and react. Students use up-to-date software to build, render and visualize molecular structures generated with wave function and density functional methods; to compute molecular properties and spectra of substances; to design reaction mechanisms of uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions, and to compute their associated rate constants. Students devise structural and computational models for acid-base, redox, enzyme and surface reactions relevant to life, environment and technology.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in CHEM 342.
CHEM 442
Soft Matter Chemistry
3 Credits
This course is about the spontaneous formation, preparation, properties, stability, and applications of soft matter. It focuses on the complex and easily deformable structures that emerge in between atomic and macroscopic length scales in solutions of polymers and surfactants, colloids, liquid crystals, granular and soft biological matter. It examines the physical mechanisms of structural assembling and self-organization of molecules to form thin films, micelles, lipid bilayers, vesicles and liposomes under the action of intermolecular and surface forces. Topics include surfaces, charged interfaces, effects of surface tension and curvature on capillarity and wetting, optical, electrokinetic, flow and rheological properties. Emphasis is placed on the applications of soft matter phenomena in petroleum, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food technologies and products.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in CHEM 342.
CHEM 464
Advanced Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry
3 Credits
This advanced medicinal chemistry course examines the application of organic chemistry in the design and synthesis of small-molecule drugs. Students will utilize the principles of the drug discovery process to identify targets for pharmaceutical development and gain an in-depth understanding on how to chemically modify a drug through each stage of the development process. Emphasis will be placed on examining the structure-activity relationship between molecules and their targets, drug delivery, drug modes of action, and the fate of drugs once inside the body.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of B- in either CHEM 364 or CHEM 362.
CHEM 466
Modern Catalysis
3 Credits
This course provides a comprehensive review of current research and practice in the field of modern catalysis. The topics covered include, catalytic design, catalysis and energy, chemical transformations, biocatalysts, and environmental catalysts. The mechanisms by which enzymes operate in living matter and the use of both organic and inorganic catalysts by the chemical industry for the production of bulk chemicals, fine chemicals and fuels will be covered.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in CHEM 333.
CHEM 472
Advanced Environmental Chemistry
3 Credits
This course presents an advanced study of anthropogenic pollutants in the environment. Fate and transport processes of legacy and emerging anthropogenic pollutants, including important physio-chemical processes, such as partitioning, hydrolysis, photolysis and biotransformation, are discussed on both a local and global scale. Understanding of these processes is applied in the context of environmental modeling. In the laboratory, students gain hands on experience with the techniques used to determine the environmental fates of pollutants via investigations of their physio-chemical properties. Credit cannot be received for both CHEM 370 and CHEM 472.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C– in CHEM 261 and in either CHEM 270 or CHEM 372.
CHEM 474
Environmental Analytical Chemistry
3 Credits
Students will learn the theory and develop practical skills in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of chemicals in the environment. Proper procedures for environmental sampling design will be discussed, followed by a detailed treatment of environmental sampling, extraction, and cleanup techniques. The theory and application of modern analytical techniques will be discussed in the context of environmental monitoring. In the laboratory, students will design and carry out field-based measurements and apply lecture material in a practical setting.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of B- in CHEM 311, and in one of CHEM 270 or CHEM 372.
CHEM 484
Sustainable and Green Chemistry
3 Credits
This course introduces Green Chemistry and examines industrial sources of contaminants and the modification of industrial processes to minimize environmental impact. In addition, the course reviews industrial waste management, control, and treatment. Students will gain an understanding of modern green chemistry which considers both the application and use of the 12 principles of green chemistry and life cycle analysis. In this regard, both the advantages and limitations of the various green chemistry approaches will be examined.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in any 300-level CHEM course and permission of the department.
CHEM 495
Special Topics
3 Credits
This course involves reading, discussing and critically evaluating current research on specialized topics in chemistry. Topics covered vary with the interests of students and faculty. Students should consult with faculty members in the Department of Physical Sciences for details regarding current offerings. Note: This course is intended for students in the final year of their degree. This course may be taken up to two times for credit.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of B- in a 300-level CHEM course and permission of the department.
CHEM 496
Techniques in Applied Laboratory Chemistry
3 Credits
This is a laboratory-based course focusing on techniques utilized in a research or industrial laboratory setting. Students will gain an understanding of the theory and application of modern experimental methods and build practical skills through project-based applications. The specific topics covered will vary with the interests of the faculty member teaching the course, and students should consult with the Department of Physical Sciences for details regarding current offerings. Note: This course may be taken up to two times, provided the topic of the course is different.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of B- in a 300-level chemistry course and consent of the department.
CHEM 497
Chemistry Internship Practicum
3 Credits
This course provides students with practical experience in a chemistry related work environment. Students engage in work integrated learning through employment or internship at a chemistry-related industry. Students learn in practice the professional aspects (work and ethics) of a chemist. At the end of the placement, students provide a presentation to demonstrate the learning accomplished. The contact hours are a minimum of 90 hours but can involve more depending on the placement. This course may be taken two times for credit. All placements require departmental approval.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in 6 credits of any 300 level CHEM courses and consent of the Department.
CHEM 498
Advanced Independent Study
3 Credits
This course permits a senior-level student to work with a faculty member to explore a specific topic in depth through research or through directed reading in primary and secondary sources. The student plans, executes and reports the results of their research or study project under the direction of a faculty supervisor. To be granted enrollment in the course, the student must have made prior arrangements with a faculty member willing to supervise his or her project. This course can be taken twice for credit.
Earth and Planetary Sciences Courses
EASC 101
Introduction to Physical Science
3 Credits
This course provides an introduction to the origin of the Earth and solar system, the concept of geological time, and the identification of minerals and rocks. The theory of plate tectonics and the resulting structural features of the Earth are covered. Surface weathering processes and principles of geomorphology are described. Note: Credit can only be obtained for one of EASC 100 and EASC 101.
EASC 102
Introduction to Environmental Earth Science
3 Credits
In this course, the global energy budget and major energy pathways, the Earth's patterns of weather systems and their impact on temperature, precipitation, moisture and winds are covered. Atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems and their effect on the global environmental system are discussed. Components of the atmosphere and their interactions to create weather and climate are also topics dealt with in this course. The hydrologic cycle and local water balance calculations are examined. Biological ecology and global biomes are examined. NOTE: Credit can only be obtained for one of EASC 100 and EASC 102.
EASC 206
Geology of the Solar System
3 Credits
This course demonstrates how information gleaned from both manned and robotic space missions, as well as astromaterials available for direct study, are used to gain an understanding of the geology of our Solar System. Geological processes that were, and continue to be, active in the Solar System are examined with a special emphasis on impact cratering. The similarities and differences in the geology of planets, how these relate to the origin and evolution of the Solar System, and their implications for the search for life are also investigated.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in one of EASC 100, EASC 101 or in ASTR 120.
EASC 219
Mineralogy
3 Credits
This course employs a theory and lab-oriented approach to understanding mineralogy. Topics include mineral origin and formation, classification and crystallography. Hands-on mineral identification will be undertaken in the labs with a focus on major rock forming minerals, such as the silicates. The opportunity to examine rare meteorites in thin section will also be provided. Students will be assigned their own petrographic microscope for use during the term, with an additional lab designed to utilize the Raman spectrometer. A field trip to the Royal Alberta Museum will be conducted during the term.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in either EASC 101 or in EASC 105.
EASC 221
Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
3 Credits
This course provides a theoretical and practical introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as applied to geologic and environmental sciences. Lectures combine an overview of the general principles of GIS with a theoretical treatment of the nature and analytical use of spatial information. Laboratories impart the technical aspects through hands-on experience with appropriate software.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in one of EASC 100, EASC 101, EASC 102, or ANTH 206.
EASC 225
Introduction to Geomorphology
3 Credits
This course introduces students to geomorphology - the study of landforms and landscape-shaping processes. Fluvial, glacial, periglacial, slope, and aeolian landforms and processes are examined. A special emphasis is placed on Alberta's landscape and the geomorphology of the Late Cenozoic, especially the Quaternary Period. Central to this course is fieldwork in Edmonton's river valley.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in EASC 100 or EASC 101.
EASC 226
Introduction to Soil Science
3 Credits
This course examines the fundamental aspects of soil formation and soil occurrence in natural landscapes. Physical, chemical, mineralogical, and biological properties of soils are emphasized, and how these properties relate to plant growth and environmental quality. Identification of soils is practiced and estimates of their performances in both natural and agricultural ecosystems are analyzed. Note: A 100-level chemistry course is strongly recommended.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in EASC 100, EASC 101, EASC 102 or ANTH 206.
EASC 230
Invertebrate Paleontology
3 Credits
This course addresses principles and problems associated with paleontology in areas such as origin of life, evolution, mass extinction, paleoecology, functional morphology, biogeography and biostratigraphy. There is a systematic coverage of invertebrate fossils, including microfossils, Porifera, Cnidaria, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Arthropoda. Labs promote recognition of fossils and their attributes.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in EASC 101 or EASC 103.
EASC 238
Geology of Natural Resources
3 Credits
This course consists of the geological study of the major types of economically important metallic and nonmetallic ore minerals and energy resources. Basic processes which form and concentrate these materials in the Earth are examined. Various methods of exploration and mining of the resources are detailed. Alberta's coal and petroleum resources are emphasized. Environmental effects of the production and use of mineral and energy resources are discussed.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in EASC 101.
EASC 240
Sedimentology and Stratigraphy
3 Credits
Focusing on the production, transport, and deposition of sediment, this course explores sedimentary depositional environments, processes, controls, and structures. The course further examines stratigraphic relationships between sediments (including litho-, bio-, chemo-, and chrono-stratigraphic approaches), and facies analysis – the examination and interpretation of sedimentary characteristics that reflect specific environmental conditions under which a given material was deposited or formed. Course topics include the environmental controls on sediment generation, transport, and deposition; properties and classification of clastic, carbonate and evaporitic sediments and rocks; sequence stratigraphy, correlation, and facies analysis; tectonic development of sedimentary basins; hydrocarbon formation and generation; and the interface between sedimentary processes and environmental contamination and rehabilitation. The subsurface characterization of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin will be introduced as part of this course. In laboratory sections, students will identify characteristics of common sedimentary facies, describe and classify sedimentary rocks in hand specimen, map and correlate sedimentary units, and create stratigraphic sections.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in EASC 101 and in EASC 102.
EASC 270
The Atmosphere
3 Credits
This course provides an introduction to atmospheric science, weather, and climate. Topics include the composition and vertical structure of the atmosphere, humidity and clouds, atmospheric dynamics, circulation, weather systems, weather forecasting and maps, atmospheric boundary layer, and climate dynamics. Training for reading and interpreting weather maps, and modeling atmospheric processes is provided. Note: MATH 114 is recommended.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in any 100-level EASC, CHEM, or PHYS, or in either BIOL 107 or BIOL 108.
EASC 271
The Oceans
3 Credits
Covering nearly three quarters of the Earth’s surface, the oceans play a fundamental role in the Earth system. This course provides an overview of the discipline of oceanography, as well as highlighting the importance of the oceans within a global context. The course examines the physical, chemical, biological, and geological properties of the oceans. Topics include the origins of the oceans, the physical and chemical properties of seawater, water mass structure and chemistry, the physical structure of ocean basins and marine provinces, ocean circulation, wave and tide dynamics, ocean sediments and sedimentary records, biological oceanography and primary productivity, and the role of, and consequences for, the oceans in a changing climate. Furthermore, relevant methods in oceanographic research and data analysis are discussed and applied within the laboratory component of this course. Emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinarity of oceanography, alongside the linkages of the oceans to other spheres of planet Earth, including the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere. EASC 271 includes an optional field trip to a coastal area.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in either EASC 102 or EASC 103.
EASC 320
Introduction to Geochemistry
3 Credits
This course provides an introduction to the interdisciplinary science of geochemistry. The first part of the course examines our home planet from a geochemical perspective and includes formation of the Earth and our solar system, the origin of the elements and their distribution within the Earth, and evolution of the crust, mantle and core. An introduction to the essential geochemical tools of thermodynamics and kinetics, isotope geochemistry and trace element geochemistry is also provided. The second part of the course examines the geochemistry of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and covers topics as diverse as the melting and crystallization of rocks to the contamination of our water supplies and the stability of carbonates in our oceans. Note: Credit can only be obtained in one of EASC 320 or CHEM 320.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in EASC 219 and in CHEM 241 or CHEM 242.
EASC 321
Structural Geology and Tectonics
3 Credits
The globe has been shaped by enormous forces that have created mountains and oceans and destroyed continents. In this course, students will learn to interpret geologic maps and cross sections, calculate the stress and strain involved in creating faults, folds, and joints, as well as those involved in orogenies, rift formation, and other crustal tectonics.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in EASC 225 and in one of PHYS 108, PHYS 124, or PHYS 144.
EASC 322
Introduction to Biogeochemistry
3 Credits
Biogeochemistry is the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern planet Earth. This course provides an introduction to the discipline, focusing on the exchange of energy and elements between the biosphere and the geosphere. The fundamental components of the Earth’s system are examined, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere, alongside their evolutionary histories and linkages. Topics include the principle biogeochemical cycles, such as the carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles, and their histories. These cycles are assessed in the context of recent environmental and climate change driven by anthropogenic activities. This course incorporates a multitude of disciplines, spanning geology, chemistry, biology, and environmental science. Note: Credit cannot be obtained in both CHEM 322 and EASC 322.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in CHEM 232, CHEM 261 or CHEM 270 or CHEM 372, and in one of EASC 226, EASC 270 or EASC 271 (Note: Credit cannot be obtained in both EASC 322 and CHEM 322).
EASC 324
Quaternary Environments
3 Credits
This course offers an introduction to the Quaternary Period. It provides a broader context for studying modern environmental phenomena and delivers an overview of the key techniques and proxies used in reconstructing Quaternary environmental histories. The course situates the Quaternary within a broad history of Earth's climate, discussing Quaternary glaciations and conditions during and since the last Ice Age in detail. This course also reviews the methodologies used to reconstruct past conditions, focusing on how these methods are used as windows into the past. The course concludes with the detailed examination of several Canadian case studies using the latest research and environmental reconstructions, such as (but not restricted to) the glaciation and deglaciation of Alberta; Quaternary environmental change in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago; and the paleoenvironments of Beringia. The laboratory classes give hands-on experience with basic environmental reconstruction methodologies.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in one of EASC 208, EASC 225 or ANTH 206.
EASC 330
Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Petrology
3 Credits
This course highlights Earth’s chemistry, the chemistry of minerals, the chemistry of rocks in different environments, and physical processes in the context of mineral stability and different rock chemistry. There are three main regimes in which rocks form: igneous (from a molten rock material that originated in the interior of the Earth), sedimentary (from weathering of rocks on the Earth’s surface and lithification of loose sediment), and metamorphic (when rocks get exposed to different temperature/pressure regimes within the Earth). Hands-on laboratory exercises provide professional skills for complete mineral and rock identification, and interpretation of rock textures using hand lens, petrographic microscope, and chemical analyses.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in EASC 219.
EASC 334
Planetary Surface Imaging
3 Credits
Satellite imagery is being used more and more frequently to assess everything from oil spills to fire hazards, from mining potential to archaeology, from water on Mars to methane lakes on Titan. In this course, students learn to interpret images from several different satellite and airborne instruments for applications in geology, environmental studies, urban planning, mining, archaeology, forestry, and planetary science.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in EASC 221, EASC 225, or ANTH 206.
EASC 373
Anthropogenic Climate Change
3 Credits
This course provides an advanced examination of the natural physical processes that have driven the global climate system in the past and present. It focuses in particular on how humans are interfering with the climate system and the potential future consequences. It further provides an introduction to simple on-line computer models of the climate system.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in EASC 208 or EASC 270.
EASC 375
Paleoclimatology
3 Credits
This course provides an extensive overview of the methods used in paleoclimate research and an in-depth examination of important climate events since the Late Proterozoic, with a concentration on the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Aspects of creating paleoclimate reconstructions, climate effects on geological and biological processes, and the modeling of present climate and extrapolation to past and future climates are emphasized.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in EASC 324, or in both EASC 270 and one of EASC 101, EASC 103, or EASC 208.
EASC 398
Independent Study
3 Credits
This course permits an intermediate-level student to work with a faculty member to explore a specific topic in depth through research or through directed reading in primary and secondary sources. The student plans, executes and reports the results of their research or study project under the direction of a faculty supervisor. To be granted enrollment in the course, the student must have made prior arrangements with a faculty member willing to supervise his or her project. This course can be taken twice for credit.
EASC 406
Planetary Materials
3 Credits
A fundamental goal of planetary science is to understand the timing and process by which our solar system formed and evolved. Planetary materials - meteorites, interplanetary dust particles and returned sample missions including Apollo, Hayabusa and Stardust - provide us with tangible samples from the vast reaches of our solar system from which high-precision analytical measurements can be made. In this course, we will explore the earth's current inventory of planetary materials, with a focus on their mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry, with the goal of gaining insights derived from their study.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in EASC 219 and EASC 206 and a B- in any 300-level EASC course, or a minimum grade of B- in EASC 320.
EASC 409
Geology of Western Canada
3 Credits
This course presents an overview of the geology in Western Canada. This course will cover the rich history of marine life, mountain building, vast river networks, and glaciation that has shaped the western landscapes. Geological processes of mountain building and past and present landscape evolution are emphasized. In addition, the economic resources that formed as a result of these geologic processes will be addressed. Important paleontological sites will be described and their history outlined. The National Parks within Western Canada will be examined in context of their geology and formation, describing why they are important regions to conserve. Students can only receive credit for one of EASC 209 and EASC 409.
Prerequisites: Minimum grades of C- in each of EASC 219, EASC 240, and EASC 321, or consent of the department.
EASC 495
Special Topics
3 Credits
This course involves reading, discussing and critically evaluating current research on specialized topics in Earth and Planetary Science. Topics covered vary with the interests of students and faculty. Students should consult with faculty members in the Earth and Planetary Science area for details regarding current offerings. Note: This course is intended for students in the final year of their degree. This course may be taken twice for credit.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of B- in a 300-level EASC course and permission of the department.
EASC 498
Advanced Independent Study
3 Credits
This course permits a senior-level student to work with a faculty member to explore a specific topic in depth through research or through directed reading in primary and secondary sources. The student plans, executes and reports the results of their research or study project under the direction of a faculty supervisor. To be granted enrollment in the course, the student must have made prior arrangements with a faculty member willing to supervise his or her project. This course can be taken twice for credit.
Physical Sciences Courses
PHSC 200
Physical Science Field Skills
3 Credits
This course is an introduction to field work in the areas of physics, chemistry and Earth and planetary science, which together constitute the Physical Sciences. It involves classroom field preparation in Edmonton, work in the field on the Big Island in the Hawaiian Island chain, and sample analysis and working up the data back in Edmonton. The course concludes with the submission of a final written report. The skills that the participants acquire in this course include mapping of geological features, reproducible sampling procedures, field note taking, strike and dip measurements, the use of star charts and sextants to locate constellations and stars, measurements and observations with a telescope and the analysis of water and air samples.
Prerequisites: Consent of the Department.
PHSC 300
Alberta Oil and Gas Industry
3 Credits
This course provides an in-depth examination of the oil and gas industry in Alberta and how it is rapidly changing. The course will use an interdisciplinary approach that covers resource exploration, extraction, refining, geology, careers, environmental challenges, and business dimensions of unconventional and conventional oil and gas resources.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in EASC 238, PHYS 261 and in one of CHEM 261 or CHEM 270.
Physics Courses
PHYS 124
Physics for Life Sciences I
3 Credits
This is an algebra based physics course on motion of matter intended for students in life and medical sciences. Topics include kinematics, Newtonian mechanics, conservation of momentum and energy, rotational motion, statics and dynamics of extended bodies and simple harmonic motion. Students are introduced to aspects of modern physics. During the course students develop a conceptual understanding of physical principles, develop reasoning and problem-solving skills, and relate these physical principles to real-world situations relevant to biology and medicine. NOTE: Physics 30 is strongly recommended. Credit can only be obtained in one of PHYS 108, PHYS 124, PHYS 144, or ENPH 131.
Prerequisites: Mathematics 30-1 and Physics 20.
PHYS 126
Physics for Life Sciences II
3 Credits
This course is an algebra-based physics course on electromagnetism intended for students in life and medical sciences. Topics include electrostatics, direct current circuits, magnetic fields, electromagnetic induction and alternating current circuits. Students are introduced to aspects of modern physics. During the course students develop a conceptual understanding of physical principles, develop reasoning and problem-solving skills, and relate these physical principles to real-world situations relevant to biology and medicine. NOTE: Credit can only be obtained in one of PHYS 109, PHYS 126, or PHYS 146.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in PHYS 124.
PHYS 130
Wave Motion, Optics and Sound
3.8 Credits
This is a calculus based course intended for engineering students. Topics include spherical mirrors, thin lenses, simple harmonic motion, wave motion, interference, sound waves, light waves and diffraction. Note: Restricted to Engineering students.
Prerequisites: Mathematics 30-1, Mathematics 31 and Physics 30.
PHYS 144
Mechanics
3 Credits
This is a calculus based physics course intended for students in the physical sciences. Topics include kinematics, Newtonian mechanics, conservation of momentum and energy, rotational motion, statics and dynamics of extended bodies and simple harmonic motion. Students are introduced to aspects of modern physics. During the course students develop a conceptual understanding of physical principles, develop reasoning and problem-solving skills, and relate these physical principles to real-world situations. NOTE: Credit can only be obtained in one of PHYS 108, PHYS 124, PHYS 144, or ENPH 131.
Prerequisites: Mathematics 31, Mathematics 30-1 and Physics 30.
PHYS 146
Electromagnetism
3 Credits
This is a calculus-based physics course on electromagnetism intended for students in physical sciences. Topics include electrostatics, direct current circuits, magnetic fields, electromagnetic induction and alternating current circuits. Students are introduced to aspects of modern physics. During the course students develop a conceptual understanding of physical principles, develop reasoning and problem-solving skills, and relate these physical principles to real-world situations. NOTE: Credit can only be obtained in one of PHYS 109, PHYS 126, or PHYS 146.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in PHYS 144.
PHYS 200
Introduction to Relativity
3 Credits
This course explains Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity and includes brief introduction to general relativity. First, the limitations of classical physics are examined. These shortcomings are then addressed by the special theory of relativity. The student learns to use the theory to calculate time and length intervals in fast moving reference frames. The theory is further applied to describe the Doppler effect, the twin paradox and the conservation of relativistic energy and momentum. The course concludes with a brief introduction to the general theory of relativity, curved spacetime and black holes.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in one of PHYS 109, PHYS 126 or PHYS 146, and in MATH 114.
PHYS 208
Quantum Aspects of Physics
3 Credits
This course begins with the experimental evidence leading to the development of quantum mechanics, including the photoelectric effect, the Compton effect, X-ray production and electron diffraction. Further topics include a discussion of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the Schrödinger theory of quantum mechanics, one dimensional potential wells and barriers, tunneling, the simple harmonic oscillator, atomic physics, the hydrogen atom and the periodic table. In the laboratory component of the course, students reproduce the details of various classical experiments leading to the discovery of the quantum nature of matter and light.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in PHYS 109, PHYS 126, or PHYS 146, and in MATH 113 or MATH 114.
PHYS 212
Revolutions in Physics: The Structure of the Universe
3 Credits
This course traces the development of our understanding of the physical universe from ancient to modern times. Students examine the nature of physics, its historical development, the development of physical theories, and the nature of scientific questions and answers. The focus of the course is epistemological aspects of physics rather than on systematic formulization and problem solving.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in one of PHYS 109, PHYS 126 or PHYS 146.
PHYS 224
Fluids and Heat
3 Credits
Students learn the basic thermal properties of matter as well as properties of fluids. Topics include the static and dynamic behaviour of fluids, temperature, thermal expansion, ideal gas laws, thermal energy, specific and latent heats, calorimetry, heat transfer, thermal processes, the Carnot engines, refrigerators, and the laws of thermodynamics. Other topics include the kinetic theory of gases, mean free path, the laws of probability and statistical physics, enthalpy and entropy. In the laboratory component of the course, students investigate the physical properties of fluids and the thermal properties of matter.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in one of PHYS 109, PHYS 126, or PHYS 146 and in MATH 114.
PHYS 226
Optics and Sound Waves
3 Credits
Students learn the basic principles of wave mechanics. Topics include simple harmonic motion, mechanical waves, sound waves, geometrical and physical optics. Students are introduced to applications such as microscopes, telescopes, Doppler radar, spectrometers, holograms, seismic waves and molecular vibrations. Advanced topics including matter waves and quantum properties of light is discussed. In the laboratory component of the course, students investigate the physical principles of mechanical waves, sound and light.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in PHYS 109, PHYS 126, or PHYS 146, and in MATH 114.
PHYS 242
Physics of Planetary Exploration
3 Credits
Students study the physical principles that govern the design of interplanetary missions within the Solar System. Topics include Newton’s Universal Law of Gravity, Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion, orbital elements, and the planning of transfer orbits between planets. Further topics include past, present, and future space missions and the operating principles of spacecraft instrumentation and sensors.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in one of PHYS 109, PHYS 126, or PHYS 146, and in MATH 114.
PHYS 244
Mechanics
3 Credits
This course expands on first-year mechanics, examining oscillating systems, normal modes, conservative forces, and energy. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics are introduced, including variational calculus, Hamilton’s Principle, generalized coordinates, constraints, Lagrange multipliers, the Hamiltonian, conservation laws, and Hamiltonian dynamics. Further topics include central forces, orbital motion, and scattering. Note: It is recommended that MATH 115 be taken concurrently with, or prior to taking this course.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in one of PHYS 109, PHYS 126, or PHYS 146, and a minimum grade of C- in MATH 114, and in MATH 120 or MATH 125.
PHYS 250
Introduction to Biophysics
3 Credits
In this course students apply physical principles learned in first year physics to biological problems. Topics such as biomechanics with an introduction to kinesiology; and transport of energy and materials in biological systems with an introduction to diffusion and motion in dissipative media; bio-fluid with an introduction to the cardiovascular system; the elastic properties of biological material, and biopolymers like DNA; and the electric properties of biomaterial with an introduction to the nervous systems. Note: BIOL 107 is recommended.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in PHYS 109, PHYS 126, PHYS 146, or CHEM 102, and in MATH 114.
PHYS 252
Physics of the Earth
3 Credits
In this course students apply basic mechanics, electricity and magnetism, waves, and thermodynamic principles to planetary processes, with a focus on the Earth, leading to an understanding of the basic physical principles guiding the studies of geophysics, geomagnetism, atmospheric physics and oceanography.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in PHYS 109, PHYS 126, or PHYS 146, and in EASC 101, and in MATH 114.
PHYS 255
Introduction to Robotics
3 Credits
This course offers an introduction to basic concepts in robotics focusing on perception of the environment, locomotion, movement and pathway planning, power management, sustainable energy sources, control, and decision making. Students apply concepts learned through multidisciplinary projects in a laboratory setting.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in one of PHYS 109, PHYS 126, or PHYS 146.
PHYS 261
Physics of Energy
3 Credits
This course first identifies the various forms of energy consumed by modern society. The conversion of energy is traced from natural resources to usable forms considering both the fundamental laws of thermodynamics and the practical concerns of cost and environmental consequences. Next, the benefits and drawbacks of non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels and nuclear power are discussed and compared to renewable sources such as hydroelectric and solar power. Finally, the development of alternative energy resources is discussed.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in one of PHYS 109, PHYS 126 or PHYS 146.
PHYS 301
Nuclear Physics
3 Credits
This course is a study of the fundamental nuclear properties, the shell model, the collective model, stability of nuclei, isotopes, radioactive decay, nuclear reactions, kinematics, conservation laws, nuclear fission and fusion, nuclear reactors, particle accelerators, detectors, a brief introduction to particle physics and the Standard Model. The course also includes applications such as carbon dating, tracer techniques, cancer therapy and connections to astrophysics.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in PHYS 208 and MATH 115.
PHYS 302
An Introduction to Particle Physics
3 Credits
What is the Universe made of at its smallest scale? From the humble electron to the massive Higgs boson, we follow the progress of the Standard Model as it classifies the myriad subatomic particles by their interactions and symmetries. Students apply the techniques of quantum mechanics and Feynman diagrams to calculate the properties of matter.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in PHYS 200, PHYS 208 and MATH 115.
PHYS 308
An Introduction to Semiconductors and Superconductors
3 Credits
This course builds on PHYS 208 to provide students with a detailed understanding of the behaviour of condensed matter arising from the quantum nature of many particle systems at the microscopic level. Starting with probability distribution functions for classical thermodynamic systems, the theory is extended to quantum mechanical systems leading to a description of lasers. These tools allow the construction of models that explain the features of inter-atomic bonds, molecular spectra and the emergent properties of solids such as electrical conductivity, semiconductivity and superconductivity.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in PHYS 208 and MATH 115.
PHYS 320
Origin of the Elements
3 Credits
This course studies the origin and evolution of the matter in the universe. Based on the current theories, the universe started with the Big Bang, created lighter elements such as hydrogen, helium, and lithium at early stages. The transmutation of these elements into heavier forms is then traced by examining the gravitational collapse of interstellar clouds that leads to stellar formation. The endpoint of this sequence, namely the production of new elements (nucleosynthesis) at the cores of stars and as a result of supernova events is discussed. During the course we also examine the suitable environments where the interaction of atomic material leads to the formation of complex compounds, molecules, and even the fundamental building blocks of life. Note: ASTR 122 is recommended.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in any one of PHYS 208, 224, 244, and in MATH 115 and CHEM 102.
PHYS 324
Origins of Planetary Systems
3 Credits
This course focuses on how the Earth and the other planetary bodies in our solar system were formed, and makes comparisons between the planets in our solar system and those planets found around other stars in the Milky Way galaxy. During this course, two compelling questions will be addressed: "How common are Earth-like planets and are other planetary systems similar to ours and, if not, why not?"
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in PHYS 224 or in PHYS 244 or a minimum grade of C- in both EASC 206 and either MATH 113 or MATH 114.
PHYS 330
Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics
3 Credits
This course develops the laws of thermodynamics from a statistical perspective. Assuming a simple model for small-scale interactions between individual particles, the statistical representation of systems with a large number of such particles is constructed using simple probability theory. The rules governing how such systems evolve with time are discussed in terms of how they lead to the laws of thermodynamics. Additional applications of these tools is also discussed. Note: completion of PHYS 244 is recommended before taking this course.
Prerequisites: A minimum grade of C- in MATH 115, PHYS 208, and PHYS 224.
PHYS 332
Computational Physics
3 Credits
This course introduces students to computational techniques used in physics. Topics include basic computational principles, differentiation and integration, ordinary and partial differential equations, matrix manipulation, variational techniques and stochastic methods, with application to physical systems in mechanics, heat and thermodynamics, waves, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, condensed matter, geophysics, and biophysics.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in MATH 115, and in any two of PHYS 208, PHYS 224, PHYS 226, PHYS 244, PHYS 250 or PHYS 252.
PHYS 372
Quantum Mechanics
3 Credits
This course begins with the wave function and its physical interpretation. The Schrödinger equation is solved for free particles and one-dimensional potentials. Once the model becomes highly developed, solutions are extended to three-dimensional systems with orbital angular momentum. Practical applications of quantum mechanics are discussed. Course changed from PHYS 472.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in PHYS 208 and PHYS 244.
PHYS 390
Advanced Physics Laboratory
3 Credits
This laboratory course introduces students to advanced experiments and analytical methods in physics. Methods of experimental design, experimental techniques, and error analysis are discussed. Students apply these methods to experiments selected from classical and modern physics.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- in PHYS 208 and in one of PHYS 200, PHYS 224, PHYS 226, PHYS 244, PHYS 250 or PHYS 252.
PHYS 398
Independent Study
3 Credits
This course permits an intermediate-level student to work with a faculty member to explore a specific topic in depth through research or through directed reading in primary and secondary sources. The student plans, executes and reports the results of their research or study project under the direction of a faculty supervisor. To be granted enrollment in the course, the student must have made prior arrangements with a faculty member willing to supervise his or her project. This course can be taken twice for credit.
PHYS 495
Special Topics in Physics and Astrophysics
3 Credits
In this course, students examine one or two topics of specialization in physics and/or astrophysics in-depth. Topics can vary with the interests of students and the instructor. Consultation with the department is required prior to registration.
Prerequisites: Consent of the department.
PHYS 498
Advanced Independent Study
3 Credits
This course permits a senior-level student to work with a faculty member to explore a specific topic in depth through research or through directed reading in primary and secondary sources. The student plans, executes and reports the results of their research or study project under the direction of a faculty supervisor. To be granted enrollment in the course, the student must have made prior arrangements with a faculty member willing to supervise his or her project. This course can be taken twice for credit.